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BIOM1070 SM 1 > Module 4 Joints > Flashcards

Module 4 Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Why are joints important?

A

Joints are important because if we don’t look after them they get inflamed or degenerative i.e. arthritis and joint replacements. Many people suffer from acute sprains, strains, and dislocations

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2
Q

What are the joints?

A

Joints are articulations, they are functional connections that exist between the various bone and skeleton, some joints are cartilages, not bone.

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3
Q

What are the functions of the joints?

A

The function of joints includes giving the skeleton mobility and hold it together. Also, joints vary in movement

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4
Q

What is ROM used for

A

range of motion is commonly used to asses injuries - rehab and disease

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5
Q

What are frontanelles?

A

joints between separations are called frontanelle, they aren’t firmly jointed, in the skull, it leaves room for growth and to go through birth

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6
Q

How to classify joints

A

Structurally and functionally

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7
Q

How to classify structurally?

A

Structurally (3): type of material binding bones together and whether a joint cavity is present

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8
Q

What are the different structures of joints? What groups are these joints classified in?

A

1) fibrous
2) cartilaginous
3) synovial

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9
Q

How to classify functionally?

A

The amount of movement allowed at the joint

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10
Q

What is the type of movement (functionally)

A

1) Synarthrosis (very little movement)
2) amphiarthrosis (slight movement)
3) diarthrosis (freely moveable) `

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11
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

Fibrous: when bones are jointed by collagen fiber (fiber tissues), no joint cavity and little to no movement
e.g. the syndesmosis ligament (near the fibula and tibia)

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12
Q

What are cartilaginous?

A

cartilaginous- where bones are joined by cartilage, no joint cavity with little to no movement

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13
Q

What are synovial joints? (6)

A

Synovial joints are articulated bones, they are separated by a fluid-filled cavity, synovial joints are further categorized based on the shape and the articulating surfaces i.e. gliding/plane, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid/condylar, saddle and ball and socket (6)

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14
Q

What joints are classified as ‘synarthrosis’?

A

No movement

  • > fibrous
  • > cartilaginous
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15
Q

What joints are classified as ‘amphiarthroisis’?

A

limited movement

  • -> non axial (only sliding movements, no rotations)
  • -> mono-axial (1 axis only)
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16
Q

What joints are classified as diarthrosis?

A

diarthrosis: free movement (synovial)
All diarthrosis is synovial joints
nonaxial, monoaxial, biaxial, triaxial

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17
Q

What are 7 distinguishing features of synovial joints?

A

1) articular cartilage
2) joint cavity (contains the fluid)
3) articular capsule (made up of fibrous layer, synovial membrane)
4) synovial fluid ( the synovial membrane)
5) ligaments
6) nerves and blood vessels
7) bones

18
Q

What is a ligament

A

Where bone to bone is attached

19
Q

What is a tendon

A

Where muscle is attached to bone

20
Q

What are the accessory structures that joints have? (LABEL)1

A

1) Menisci
2) fat pads
3) tendons
4) Bursae

21
Q

What does it mean when joints have lots of movement

A

they are not as stable if they are freely movable

22
Q

How is movement limited by?

A

Movement is limited by

1) the shape of the articulating surface
2) menisci and discs
3) ligaments and joint capsule
4) muscle actions/tendon tension (tear)

23
Q

What are 5 synovial joints in the body?

A

1) knee
2) shoulder
3) elbow
4) hip
5) jaw

24
Q

What are the types of synovial joint movements?

A

RANGE OF MOTION

nonaxial: Slipping movements only
uniaxial: movement in one plane
biaxial: movement in two planes
multiaxial: movement around all three planes

25
Q

What are the general types of movements?

A

1) gliding
2) angular movements
3) rotation

26
Q

What is ‘double jointedness’

A

it means the person has hypermobility syndrome, where there is extension on stretchiness in tendons

27
Q

What are gliding movements

A

one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface i.e. intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, between vertebrae

28
Q

What are angular/rotational movements?

A

an increase/decrease angle between two bones (literally flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotations, supination, inversion)1

29
Q

Gliding planes?

A

nonaxial, slight movement along relatively flat surfaces (i.e proximal ends of the ulna and radius)

30
Q

Hinge joint?

A

uniaxial, cylinder rest in through (flexion and extension) - An example is the elbow joint.

31
Q

Pivot joint>

A

Axle fits into a sleeve (rotation about long axis) (between the C1 and C2 vertebrae in the neck)
- only rotary movement around a single axis

32
Q

Ellipsoid (condylar) - oval surface & saddle

A

oval surfaces, a pair of concave and convex area
- (flexion/extension, abduction, adduction)
- biaxial
(wrist)

33
Q

Ball and socket?

A
  • adduction and abduction, flexion, extension and rotation
  • spherical head
  • cup socket
    i.e. hip and shoulder joint
    MULTIAXIAL
34
Q

What joints are commonly injured

A
  • sprains
  • dislocations
  • cartilage tears
35
Q

What are sprains?

A
  • Sprains are ligaments stretched/torn
  • partial tears repair slow (not a lot of blood flow)
  • complete tears (graft/sew)
36
Q

What are dislocations?

A
  • luxations

- bones that are forced out of the ligaments (through contact sport/big falls)

37
Q

What are cartilage tears

A
  • compression and sheer stress together

- fragments often cause joints to catch and lock

38
Q

Sprain vs strain?

A

Sprain: ligament damage
strain: muscle damage can affect the integrity of joints

39
Q

What are the 2 different types of arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis

40
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis is chronic and degenerative ‘wear and tear’, where more cartilage is destroyed than replaced, leads to roughened, pitted or particular cartilages (osteophytes may form)

41
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

rheumatoid arthritis, chronic and inflammatory is an autoimmune disease whereby the immune system attacks the tissue begins as an inflammation of the synovial membrane - cartilage erodes and scar tissue forms

42
Q

Joint replacements?

A
  • removal and replacement of damaged/diseased parts of the joint
  • replaced with new and artificial parts
  • most common in knees and hip replacements

BIOM1070 SM 1 (37 decks)

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