Mod 4 Musculoskeletal system anatomy of upper and lower limbs

Question 1

What is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 1

it is the shoulder joint, between the glenoid fossa of scapula and head of the humerus
Structurally: synovial ball and socket
Functionally: multiaxial diarthrosis (freely moving)

Question 2

What is the elbow joint?

Answer 2

Articulations between the humerus and ulna and radius
Structurally: synovial joint
functionally: uniaxial diarthrosis

Question 3

What are the two types of skeletal muscle ?

Answer 3

Axial: stabilise and move elements of the axial body- skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column
Appendicular: stabalise/move the appendicular body (upper and lower limbs)

Question 4

What are the upper appendicular muscles?

Answer 4

1) Muscles that move the pectoral girdle
2) muscles that move the glenhumeral joint/arm
3) muscles of arm - the anterior and posterior compartment
4) Muscles of the forearm: the anteromedial compartment and the posterolateral compartement
5) intrinsic muscle of the hand

Question 5

1) Muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

Answer 5

• the pectoralis minor and major and the serratus anterior (they protect the scapula)
• elevation and depression (shrugging)
• protraction and retraction of the scapula
• rotation

Question 6

The components of the forearm

Answer 6

–

Question 7

The superficial/intermediate?

Answer 7

Act on forearm, wrist and fingers

Question 8

Deep?

Answer 8

Act on the fingers and thumb

Question 9

4 parts of the superficial?

Answer 9

pronator, FCR, palamris longus, FCU)

Question 10

Posterolateral compartement? superficial

Answer 10

• anconeus, extensor indices,

Question 11

Posterolateral compartement? deep

Answer 11

the pollicis muscles: abductor pollicis longus, the extensor policies brevis and the extrensor polllicis longus

Question 12

2) The muscles moving glenhumeral joint/arm

Answer 12

it has the ability to move shoulder joints, causing flexion, adduction of the shoulder, the teres minor is part of the rotator cuff muscle group (stabilize the shoulder. compress the humerus inwards for articulation and prevent dislocation)

Question 13

What is the deep fascia?

Answer 13

The deep fascia (epimysium) encircles muscle groups and inserts into the periosteum of the bones as intermuscular septa

Question 14

What are the two muscular components of the arm- anteriorly

Answer 14

Biceps branchii: flexion at the shoulder and the elbow

branchialis: flexion at the below only
coracobrachialis: flexion at the shoulder only

Question 15

What are the two muscular components of the arm- posteriorly

Answer 15

triceps branchii and ancoreus: extension at the elbow joint, extends should joint too

Question 16

What is the hip?

Answer 16

The hip is the joint between acetabulum and head of the femur (more stable)
Structurally: synovial ball and joint
Functionally: multiaxial diarthrosis

Question 17

What is the elbow?

Answer 17

it’s called the tibiofemoral joint, articulation between the femur and the tibia
Structurally: synovial hinge
functionally: uniaxial diarthrosis

Question 18

What are the muscles of the thigh?

Answer 18

• anterior compartment
• medial compartment
• posterior compartment

Question 19

What are the muscles of the leg?

Answer 19

• anterior compartment
• lateral compartment
• posterior compartment

Question 20

The muscles of the iliac and gluteal regions

Answer 20

• originate on the axial skeleton and/pelvic girdle
• stabilize/move the pelvic muscle
• muscle fibers merge
• hip flexion
• gluteus abduction hip
• deep posterior group: Lateral hip rotators
  1) anterior, lateral, posterior and deep posterior

Question 21

The muscles of the iliac and gluteal regions anteriorly?

Answer 21

it enables hip flexion

Question 22

The muscles of the iliac and gluteal regions lateral and posterior?

Answer 22

Lateral: abduct hip
- tensor fascia 
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus 
Posterior: hip extension 
- gluteus maximus

Question 23

The muscles of the iliac and gluteal regions lateral and posterior? 2

Answer 23

deep posterior group: lateral hip rotators 
piriformis
gemellus superior
obturator internus
gemellus inferior
obturator externus 
quadratus femoris

Question 24

What is the muscle of the thigh made up of?

Answer 24

the anterior compartment, posterior compartment and medial compartment.

Question 25

What is the anterior compartment of thigh made of?

Answer 25

1) sartorius
2) rectus femoris
3) vastus laterlis
4) vastus intermedius
5) vastus medialis
2-5 are the quadriceps femoris group (knee extension)

Question 26

The posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 26

function: hip extension and knee flexion
Hamstrings:
1) Biceps femoris (long head and short head)
2) semitendinosus
3) semimembranosus

Question 27

The posterior compartment of the thigh 2

Answer 27

HIP adduction

1) Pectineus
2) Adductor longus
3) adductor brevis
4) adductor magnus
5) Gracilis

Question 28

muscles of the leg

Answer 28

anterior compartment, lateral compartment (CRUS)

Question 29

SUMMARY:

Answer 29

Anterior- dorsiflexion

1) tibialis anterior (+ foot inversion)
2) extensor digitorium longus
3) Extensor hallucis longus
4) Fibularius tertius

Lateral- foor eversior

1) Fibularis longus
2) Fibularis brevis

Posterior: Plantar flexion 
superficial 
1) gastronemius 
2) Soleus
3) plantaris

DEEP

4) popilteus
5) tibialis posterior (foot inversion)
6) flexor digitorium longus
7) flexor hallucis longus