Mod 4 Musculoskeletal system anatomy of upper and lower limbs Flashcards
What is the glenohumeral joint?
it is the shoulder joint, between the glenoid fossa of scapula and head of the humerus
Structurally: synovial ball and socket
Functionally: multiaxial diarthrosis (freely moving)
What is the elbow joint?
Articulations between the humerus and ulna and radius
Structurally: synovial joint
functionally: uniaxial diarthrosis
What are the two types of skeletal muscle ?
Axial: stabilise and move elements of the axial body- skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column
Appendicular: stabalise/move the appendicular body (upper and lower limbs)
What are the upper appendicular muscles?
1) Muscles that move the pectoral girdle
2) muscles that move the glenhumeral joint/arm
3) muscles of arm - the anterior and posterior compartment
4) Muscles of the forearm: the anteromedial compartment and the posterolateral compartement
5) intrinsic muscle of the hand
1) Muscles that move the pectoral girdle?
- the pectoralis minor and major and the serratus anterior (they protect the scapula)
- elevation and depression (shrugging)
- protraction and retraction of the scapula
- rotation
The components of the forearm
–
The superficial/intermediate?
Act on forearm, wrist and fingers
Deep?
Act on the fingers and thumb
4 parts of the superficial?
pronator, FCR, palamris longus, FCU)
Posterolateral compartement? superficial
- anconeus, extensor indices,
Posterolateral compartement? deep
the pollicis muscles: abductor pollicis longus, the extensor policies brevis and the extrensor polllicis longus
2) The muscles moving glenhumeral joint/arm
it has the ability to move shoulder joints, causing flexion, adduction of the shoulder, the teres minor is part of the rotator cuff muscle group (stabilize the shoulder. compress the humerus inwards for articulation and prevent dislocation)
What is the deep fascia?
The deep fascia (epimysium) encircles muscle groups and inserts into the periosteum of the bones as intermuscular septa
What are the two muscular components of the arm- anteriorly
Biceps branchii: flexion at the shoulder and the elbow
branchialis: flexion at the below only
coracobrachialis: flexion at the shoulder only
What are the two muscular components of the arm- posteriorly
triceps branchii and ancoreus: extension at the elbow joint, extends should joint too
What is the hip?
The hip is the joint between acetabulum and head of the femur (more stable)
Structurally: synovial ball and joint
Functionally: multiaxial diarthrosis
What is the elbow?
it’s called the tibiofemoral joint, articulation between the femur and the tibia
Structurally: synovial hinge
functionally: uniaxial diarthrosis
What are the muscles of the thigh?
- anterior compartment
- medial compartment
- posterior compartment
What are the muscles of the leg?
- anterior compartment
- lateral compartment
- posterior compartment
The muscles of the iliac and gluteal regions
- originate on the axial skeleton and/pelvic girdle
- stabilize/move the pelvic muscle
- muscle fibers merge
- hip flexion
- gluteus abduction hip
- deep posterior group: Lateral hip rotators
1) anterior, lateral, posterior and deep posterior
The muscles of the iliac and gluteal regions anteriorly?
it enables hip flexion
The muscles of the iliac and gluteal regions lateral and posterior?
Lateral: abduct hip - tensor fascia - gluteus medius - gluteus minimus Posterior: hip extension - gluteus maximus
The muscles of the iliac and gluteal regions lateral and posterior? 2
deep posterior group: lateral hip rotators piriformis gemellus superior obturator internus gemellus inferior obturator externus quadratus femoris
What is the muscle of the thigh made up of?
the anterior compartment, posterior compartment and medial compartment.
What is the anterior compartment of thigh made of?
1) sartorius
2) rectus femoris
3) vastus laterlis
4) vastus intermedius
5) vastus medialis
2-5 are the quadriceps femoris group (knee extension)
The posterior compartment of the thigh
function: hip extension and knee flexion Hamstrings: 1) Biceps femoris (long head and short head) 2) semitendinosus 3) semimembranosus
The posterior compartment of the thigh 2
HIP adduction
1) Pectineus
2) Adductor longus
3) adductor brevis
4) adductor magnus
5) Gracilis
muscles of the leg
anterior compartment, lateral compartment (CRUS)
SUMMARY:
Anterior- dorsiflexion
1) tibialis anterior (+ foot inversion)
2) extensor digitorium longus
3) Extensor hallucis longus
4) Fibularius tertius
Lateral- foor eversior
1) Fibularis longus
2) Fibularis brevis
Posterior: Plantar flexion superficial 1) gastronemius 2) Soleus 3) plantaris
DEEP
4) popilteus
5) tibialis posterior (foot inversion)
6) flexor digitorium longus
7) flexor hallucis longus
