Toxins

Question 1

A patient comes in with hyperthermia, tinnitus, hearing loss and sweating. What could cause this?

Answer 1

Salicyclate poisoning

Question 2

What can haemodialysis be used for?

Answer 2

Ethanol and methanol

Question 3

A patient comes in with miosis and depressed breathing. What could cause this?

Answer 3

Opiates

Question 4

A patient comes in with mydriasis and agitation. What could cause this?

Answer 4

Amphetamines and stimulants

Question 5

When can activated charcoal be used?

Answer 5

<1 hour of taking the substance

Question 6

What is multiple dose activated charcoal for?

Answer 6

Will stay in instestine and cause a reverse concentration flow. For carbamazepine really only

Question 7

What is urine alkalization for?

Answer 7

Salicylate

Question 8

What is used for lead poisoning?

Answer 8

Sodium calcium edetate

Question 9

What is used for paracetamol?

Answer 9

<1 hour charcoal
N-acetylcysteine

Question 10

What is used for opiates?

Answer 10

Naloxone

Question 11

What is used for benzodiazepines?

Answer 11

Fluemezenil

Question 12

What is used for beta blockers?

Answer 12

Glucagon

Question 13

What does opiate overdose look like?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the key details of paracetemol overdose?

Answer 14

>150mg/Kg is harmful

8 hour treatment wundow

NAPQI reduces glutathione

Question 15

What reduces risk of paracetemol toxicity?

Answer 15

Low dose taken

Normal ALT after 4 hours

Low INR 1.3 after 4 hours

No signs of liver disease

Could discontinue the N-acetylcysteine

Question 16

How is morphine overdose treated?

Answer 16

Naloxone

Question 17

What drug can be metabolised to morphine?

Answer 17

Codeine

Question 18

What is the treatment window for paracetemol?

Answer 18

8 hours

Question 19

Suggest two reasons why paracetemol overdose is harmful

Answer 19

Glutathione reduction

Oxidating and arylating effect of NAPQI

Question 20

When is delirium tremens start?

Answer 20

48-72 hrs

Usually, you’ll start having symptoms 2 to 4 days after your last drink, But some symptoms may not show up until up to 10 days after you give up alcohol. Delirium tremens can cause your body temperature, breathing, or blood circulation to change quickly.