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CC2 - exam preparation > Opthamology > Flashcards

Opthamology Flashcards

1
Q

What is gonioscopy?

A

An eye test performed to evaluate the internal draining system of the eye.

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2
Q

What causes a chalazion or stye?

A
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3
Q

What is this showing?

A

Chelazion

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4
Q

What is this showing?

A

Stye

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5
Q

How is the retina split on a fundoscope exam?

A

Upper and lower nasal

Upper and lower temporal

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6
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Blepharitis

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7
Q

What further tests can be done after an opthalmoscope exam?

A

Capillary blood glucose

Retinal photography

Visual exams

CN exams

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8
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Papillodema

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9
Q

What does this show?

A

Increased cup: disc ratio

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10
Q

What is seen in diabetic retinopathy?

A
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11
Q

What are the different parts of the opthalmoscope?

A
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12
Q

What are the parts of the eye?

A
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13
Q
A

Vascular crossing over is a sign of hypertension

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14
Q

How can you tell this is subconjuctival haemorrhage?

A

Well defined borders

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15
Q

What is normal eye pressure?

A

the normal eye pressure range is from 10 to 21 mm HG.

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16
Q

What is emmetropia?

A

No refractive problems

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17
Q

What is the refractive index of cornea?

A

48/58

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18
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

A condition where raised IOP leads to optic neuroapthy and pressure on optic nerve leading to optic cupping

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19
Q

What is raised IOP?

A

An IOP above 21 mm Hg but not necessarily associated with pathological cupping

20
Q

What is the most common cause of glaucoma in the UK?

A

POAG

Primary open angle glaucoma

21
Q

True or false? Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.

A

True

22
Q

Where is aqueous fluid produced and which enzyme is involved?

Where is it drained?

A

Cilliary body and carbonic anhydrase

Drained in trabecular outflow

23
Q

When does IOP rise?

A

Particularly at night but diurnal variation between morning and evening

24
Q

What is Goldman Applantation Tonmetry?

A
25
Q

What does a Humphrey field test examine?

A

Whether patients have developed an arcuate scotoma

26
Q

What medications are available for acute glaucoma?

A

Put on at night lamprost

27
Q

What drugs are used for glaucoma?

A
28
Q

What surgery can be done for glaucoma?

A

Trabeculectomy

Shunt

29
Q

What is being shown here?

A

Humphrey visual field test

30
Q

Uveitis

A
  • Pain
  • Constricted pupil
  • Perilimbal
31
Q

Conjunctivitis

A
  • Mild redness
  • Stickiness
32
Q

How do you know this it episcleritis?

A
  • Sectoral redness
33
Q

What are the features of scleritis?

A
  • Severe pain and up at night
34
Q

What are the features of acute angle glaucoma?

A

Pain and vomiting

35
Q
A
36
Q

What is cataracts?

A

Opacification of lens

37
Q

What are the three types of cataracts?

A

Nuclear sclerosing (central)

Cortical (around the edges)

Posterior subscapular cataracts

38
Q

What is cataracts surgery called?

A

Phakoemulsification using ultrasound and then replacement. Complication is posterior opacification.

39
Q

What are the types of macular degeneration?

A

Dry and wet

40
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

Loss of rods and cones

41
Q

What is wet macular degeneration?

A

Choroidal neovacularisation

Bleeds + blood scar

42
Q

What type of macular degeneration is more common?

A

Dry 90%

43
Q

What is a feature of wet macular degeneration?

A

Disciform scar

44
Q

What is the macula for?

A

Central vision

45
Q

How does dry become wet?

A

Drusen form –> inflammation –> neovascularisation –> leak and disciform scar

46
Q

What is treatment for wet macular degeneration?

A

anti-vegf

47
Q
A

CC2 - exam preparation (76 decks)

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