Opthamology

Question 1

What is gonioscopy?

Answer 1

An eye test performed to evaluate the internal draining system of the eye.

Question 2

What causes a chalazion or stye?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is this showing?

Answer 3

Chelazion

Question 4

What is this showing?

Answer 4

Stye

Question 5

How is the retina split on a fundoscope exam?

Answer 5

Upper and lower nasal

Upper and lower temporal

Question 6

What is this a picture of?

Answer 6

Blepharitis

Question 7

What further tests can be done after an opthalmoscope exam?

Answer 7

Capillary blood glucose

Retinal photography

Visual exams

CN exams

Question 8

What is this a picture of?

Answer 8

Papillodema

Question 9

What does this show?

Answer 9

Increased cup: disc ratio

Question 10

What is seen in diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the different parts of the opthalmoscope?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the parts of the eye?

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Vascular crossing over is a sign of hypertension

Question 14

How can you tell this is subconjuctival haemorrhage?

Answer 14

Well defined borders

Question 15

What is normal eye pressure?

Answer 15

the normal eye pressure range is from 10 to 21 mm HG.

Question 16

What is emmetropia?

Answer 16

No refractive problems

Question 17

What is the refractive index of cornea?

Answer 17

48/58

Question 18

What is glaucoma?

Answer 18

A condition where raised IOP leads to optic neuroapthy and pressure on optic nerve leading to optic cupping

Question 19

What is raised IOP?

Answer 19

An IOP above 21 mm Hg but not necessarily associated with pathological cupping

Question 20

What is the most common cause of glaucoma in the UK?

Answer 20

POAG

Primary open angle glaucoma

Question 21

True or false? Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Where is aqueous fluid produced and which enzyme is involved?

Where is it drained?

Answer 22

Cilliary body and carbonic anhydrase

Drained in trabecular outflow

Question 23

When does IOP rise?

Answer 23

Particularly at night but diurnal variation between morning and evening

Question 24

What is Goldman Applantation Tonmetry?

Answer 24

Question 25

What does a Humphrey field test examine?

Answer 25

Whether patients have developed an arcuate scotoma

Question 26

What medications are available for acute glaucoma?

Answer 26

Put on at night lamprost

Question 27

What drugs are used for glaucoma?

Answer 27

Question 28

What surgery can be done for glaucoma?

Answer 28

Trabeculectomy Shunt

Question 29

What is being shown here?

Answer 29

Humphrey visual field test

Question 30

Uveitis

Answer 30

- Pain - Constricted pupil - Perilimbal

Question 31

Conjunctivitis

Answer 31

- Mild redness - Stickiness

Question 32

How do you know this it episcleritis?

Answer 32

- Sectoral redness

Question 33

What are the features of scleritis?

Answer 33

- Severe pain and up at night

Question 34

What are the features of acute angle glaucoma?

Answer 34

Pain and vomiting

Question 36

What is cataracts?

Answer 36

Opacification of lens

Question 37

What are the three types of cataracts?

Answer 37

Nuclear sclerosing (central) Cortical (around the edges) Posterior subscapular cataracts

Question 38

What is cataracts surgery called?

Answer 38

Phakoemulsification using ultrasound and then replacement. Complication is posterior opacification.

Question 39

What are the types of macular degeneration?

Answer 39

Dry and wet

Question 40

What is macular degeneration?

Answer 40

Loss of rods and cones

Question 41

What is wet macular degeneration?

Answer 41

Choroidal neovacularisation Bleeds + blood scar

Question 42

What type of macular degeneration is more common?

Answer 42

Dry 90%

Question 43

What is a feature of wet macular degeneration?

Answer 43

Disciform scar

Question 44

What is the macula for?

Answer 44

Central vision

Question 45

How does dry become wet?

Answer 45

Drusen form --\> inflammation --\> neovascularisation --\> leak and disciform scar

Question 46

What is treatment for wet macular degeneration?

Answer 46

anti-vegf