Infections and soft tissues Flashcards
What is another name for folliculitis?
Impetigo
What type of bacteria is common in eczema?
Coagulase +ve is sticky and on the surface - s. aureus
What is cellulitis?
Cellulitis (sel-u-LIE-tis) is a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection. The affected skin appears swollen and red and is typically painful and warm to the touch.
Cellulitis usually affects the skin on the lower legs, but it can occur in the face, arms and other areas. It occurs when a crack or break in your skin allows bacteria to enter.
What is erysipelas?
An infection of the upper layer of the skin and superficial lymphatics caused by bacteria.
What is lymphangitis?
Lymphangitis is an inflammation or an infection of the lymphatic channels that occurs as a result of infection at a site distal to the channel. The most common cause of lymphangitis in humans is Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep), hemolythic streptococci,
How is impetigo treated?
Fuscidic acid
Flucloxacillin
Clarithyromycin
How is cellulitis treated?
Keep legs elevated
If MRSA is not expected treat with flucoxacillin (5-7 days) or ceftriaxone.
If MRSA is expected treat with vancomycin, linezolid, or co-trixemazole
What is necrotising fascitis? How is it treated?
A serious bacterial infection that results in the death of the body’s soft tissue. This causes blisters, skin discolouration and fever.
Antibiotics
Debridement
Amputation
What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis?
Swelling, warmth, and/or redness over the area of infection
Pain in the infected part of bone, which worsens with movement
High fever and/or chills
Irritability or lethargy, often reported in young children
What is an involucrum and sequestrum?
The difference is that sequestrum is a fragment of bone or other dead tissue that has separated during necrosis while involucrum is a sheath that covers or envelopes, especially one that forms around the sequestrum of new bone.
What is contigious osteomyelitis?
A contiguous osteomyelitis are trauma leading to infected, exposed skin, and soft tissue. Osteomyelitis with direct inoculation of bacteria may occur in the setting of open fractures, bone reconstructive surgery, or with placing orthopedic hardware.
How is osteomyelitis treated?
Flucloxacillin
Consider adding fusidic acid or rifampicin for initial 2 weeks
Suggested duration of treatment 6 weeks for acute infectionv
If penicillin-allergic, clindamycin
Consider adding fusidic acid or rifampicin for initial 2 weeks.
Suggested duration of treatment 6 weeks for acute infection
Vancomycin
If meticillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureussuspected, vancomycin (or teicoplanin)
Other
Consider adding fusidic acid or rifampicin for initial 2 weeks.
Suggested duration of treatment 6 weeks for acute infection
What is the name of this apparatus?
Ilizarov apparatus
The Ilizarov apparatus is a type of external fixation used in orthopedic surgery to lengthen or reshape limb bones; as a limb-sparing technique to treat complex and/or open bone fractures; and in cases of infected nonunions of bones that are not amenable with other techniques. It is named after the orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov from the Soviet Union, who pioneered the technique.
How is septic arthritis treated?
Flucloxacillin
Suggested duration of treatment 4–6 weeks (longer if infection complicated).
If penicillin-allergic, clindamycin
Suggested duration of treatment 4–6 weeks (longer if infection complicated).
Vancomycin
If meticillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureussuspected, vancomycin (or teicoplanin)
Suggested duration of treatment 4–6 weeks (longer if infection complicated).
Ceftriaxone
If gonococcal arthritis or Gram-negative infection suspected, cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)
Suggested duration of treatment 4–6 weeks (longer if infection complicated; treat gonococcal infection for 2 weeks).
What is septic arthritis:
One or more joints might be affected. There is a rapid onset of symptoms such as:
Severe pain in the affected joint
Inability to move the joint
Swelling, warmth and joint redness
High-grade fever
Chills
Can result in joint descruction if not treated
What is arthrocentesis?
A procedure called arthrocentesis is commonly used to make an accurate diagnosis of septic arthritis. This procedure involves a surgical puncture of the joint to draw a sample of the joint fluid, known as synovial fluid. Normally, this fluid is sterile and acts as a lubricant.
What is pyomyositis?
Pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles which results in an abscess. Pyomyositis is most common in tropical areas but can also occur in temperate zones.
