Critical and emergency medicine

Question 1

What is the lethal triad?

Answer 1

1. Coagulopathy
2. Hypothermia
3. Acidosis

Question 2

What does Beck’s triad refer to?

Answer 2

For cardiac tamponade ways to identify it:

1. Jugular venous distension
2. Absent or distant heart sounds
3. Low blood pressure

Question 3

What is the volume of oxygen that would be given?

Answer 3

15 l/ min

Question 4

What is the first thing that has to be managed in a trauma?

Answer 4

Catastrophic bleed

Question 5

What is a bleed control pack?

Answer 5

Bleed-control kits, which include tourniquets, bandages and gels, could prevent people from bleeding to death while paramedics race to the scene.

Question 6

How is a jaw thrust done?

Answer 6

Place hands on mental region and thrust forward

Open lower lips if needed

Question 7

How should you treat a tension pneumothroax?

Answer 7

Tension pneumothorax requires immediate treatment with needle decompression. Needle decompression involves placing a needle or cannula into the 2nd intercostal space, mid-clavicular line (on the affected side) to immediately relieve the tension pneumothorax. A chest drain can then be inserted once the initial decompression has been performed.

Question 8

How is flail chest treated?

Answer 8

All patients are immediately placed on 100% oxygen using a facemask. Doctors might intubate or insert a chest tube as part of critical care. Stabilization treatment options include:

Question 9

How is cardiac tamponade treated?

Answer 9

Pericardcentesis

or thoracotomy

Question 10

How is spontaneous pneumothorax treated if above 2cm and causing symptoms?

Answer 10

Aspiration