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CC2 - exam preparation > Blood, transfusions and bottles > Flashcards

Blood, transfusions and bottles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purple bottle for? Name four tests

What additive does the purple contain?

What is the role of the additive?

How many times should you invert the purple tube?

What other tests can be done with the purple?

A

FBC, folate, first cells (reticulocytes) and film.

EDTA

To bind calcium

8 times

ESR, Monospot, HbA1C, PTH

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2
Q

What is the pink bottle for?

What is the difference between these two practices?

What is the additive? EDTA

What is a unique feature of the pink bottle?

A

Group and save, crossmatch

Group and save is blood typing and testing without issuing blood products. Crossmatch is blood testing with giving blood products in mind.

EDTA

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3
Q

What tests are done with the blue bottle?

What additive does it contain?

When should an INR be taken?

When should an anti-Xa test be done?

A

Coagulation screen. INR, bleeding time, prothrombin time, aptt, fibrinogen

Sodium citrate

Morming

3-4 hours after heparin

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4
Q

What is the yellow bottle used for?

Name some of the main tests.

What are the main additives? What is this called?

A

Biochemistry, cancer biomarkers, some endocrine results and toxicology.

beta-HCG, calcitonin, cortisol, EPO. sex hormones, growth hormone, IGF-1, biomarkers,

Also known as SST (serum separating tube)

Contain silica particles and a serum separating gel

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5
Q

What is the light and dark green bottles used for?

A

Separated and unseparated heparinised blood

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6
Q

What should you ask a patient for before a transfusion?

A

Name, date and PID

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7
Q

How should RBCs be stored?

What is FFP stored at?

How long should the transfusion be?

A

RBCs should be stored for 35 days at 4 degrees

Frozen

Set the time the blood should be transfused over (typically 2-3 hours in non-urgent scenarios).

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8
Q

How should platelets be stored?

How long should the transfusion take?

What is platelet transfusion most prone to?

A

22 degrees for 7 days

30-60 minutes

Infection

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9
Q

What is cryoprecipitate?

A

Cryoprecipitate is the only adequate fibrinogen concentrate available for intravenous use.

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10
Q

What should occur if someone has a minor rash or fever during transfusion?

A

stopping the transfusion

taking an antihistamine to help treat an allergic reaction

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11
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?

A

If a person is experiencing any of the above symptoms, a nurse or doctor will stop the transfusion. After this, they will address the specific symptoms, which can include:

intravenous (IV) epinephrine

IV steroids

antihistamines

bronchodilators

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12
Q

Apart from allergy or anaphylaxis, what other problems may occur with a transfusion?

A

Transfusion-associate circulatory overload (TACO)

Symptoms of TACO usually occur within a few hours of or during the transfusion and include:

rapid breathing

coughing

shortness

high blood pressure

rapid heartbeat.

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13
Q

What is the universal donor for RBCs?

A

O Rh-

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14
Q

What is the universal recipient for RBCs?

A

AB Rh+

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15
Q

What is the universal donor for platelets?

A

Rh-

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16
Q

What are three disorders of clotting?

A

Von Willebrand - AD - common in girls with mennorhagia - type 1 partial, type 3 complete (quantitative disease), type 2 more functional

TTP - ADAM13 mutation - causes VWF multimers and multiple thrombi

Haemophilia A and B. Royals had B. Problem with factor IX. Swollen knees APTT test.

17
Q

What are some key components of platelets?

A

Dense granules = calcium, ADP and serotonin

Alpha granules = VWF and fibrinogen

GP1b = binds a platelet to collagen via VWF

GP11b/GP111a for binding platelets to eachother

Actin-myosin

18
Q

What activates VWF?

A

Shear stress

19
Q

Where is VWF released?

A

Dense and Weibel-Palade bodies

20
Q

What is needed to cleave VWF?

A

ADAM 13

21
Q

What is involved in TTP?

A

ADAM13 mutation (cannot cleave multimers of VWF)

22
Q

What are the types of Von Willebrand disease?

A

Type 1 vWd: Now type 1 vWd occurs when there is simply low amounts of the vW factor in the blood… Partial; (quantitative)

Type 2 vWd: This type of Von Willebrand disease occurs as a result of poor function. (qualitative)

Type 3 vWd: Finally, type 3 vWd is said to be the most severe form of this disease. Complete (quantitative)

23
Q

Risk factors for VTE?

A
  1. Long haul flights
  2. Sitting for prolonged times
  3. Surgery
  4. Smoking
  5. Obesity
  6. Genetic predisposition. Factor V leiden
24
Q

Why is heparin useful in pregnancy?

A

Heparin does not cross placenta

25
Q

Why is heparin and DOACs used differently?

A

DOACs have a longer half life

26
Q

Which anticoagulant has the shortest half life?

A

Fractionated heparin

27
Q

How does heparin work?

A

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) binds to anti-thrombin III (AT-III),

28
Q
A

CC2 - exam preparation (76 decks)

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