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W/Physiology > Topic list 4 > Flashcards

Topic list 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 factors that affect proximal tubule reabsorption?

A
  • Acetazolamide (inhibits carbonic anhydrase)
  • Mercury compounds (inhibit aquaporins)
  • Non reabsorbed osmolytes (draw water back in the tubule)
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2
Q

What can affect processes in the loop of Henle?

A

Furosemide, it inhibits the Na+/2Cl-/K+ co transporter

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3
Q

What inhibits the NaCl cotransporter in the distal tubule?

A

thiazide diuretics

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4
Q

What can enhance Na+ reabsorption in the collecting ducts?

A

Aldosterone via ENaC expression regulation

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5
Q

What can decrease Na+ reabsorption in the collecting ducts? (2)

A
  • ANP : ENaC inhibition

- Amiloride : ENaC inhibition but spares K+

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6
Q

What cells can be found in the collecting duct? (2)

A

Principal cells and intercalated cells (alpha and beta)

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7
Q

What is countercurrent multiplication?

A

A process which creates a gradient for reabsorption of water by the kidneys

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8
Q

What is countercurrent exchange?

A

A passive process between interstitium and vasa recta that maintains the gradient

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9
Q

Which processes does ATII stimulate? (4)

A
  1. Aldosterone synthesis
  2. Na/H exchange in proximal tubule
  3. Thirst centres + ADH secretion
  4. Vasoconstriction
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10
Q

What are the 3 ways to correct LECV?

A
  • Renal sympathetic nerve activity
  • ADH / AVP
  • ANP
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11
Q

What is buffer base?

A

amount of strong acid that needs to be added to 1L of fully oxygenated blood in order to restore to standard conditions

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12
Q

Intracellular buffer systems

A
  • hemoglobin

- organic phosphates

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13
Q

Extracellular buffer systems

A
  • bicarbonate
  • phosphate
  • protein
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14
Q

What is NAE?

A

Net acid excretion, the total amount of acid excreted in the urine per unit time

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15
Q

NAE=?

A

NAE = titratable acidity + NH4+ excretion - HCO3- excretion

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16
Q

Starling forces

A

Forces that combine to drive fluid out of the capillaries into the Bowman space

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17
Q

NUP = ?

A

(Pc - Pb) - (PIc - PIb)

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18
Q

2 capillary networks of kidney

A
  • glomerular capillaries

- peritubular capillaries / vasa recta

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19
Q

What is tubuloglomerular feedback dependant on?

A

NaCl

20
Q

on what receptors do adenosine bind?

A

A1 receptor, gi coupled

21
Q

On which cells is A1R?

A

extraglomerular mesengial cells

22
Q

Which receptor do we find on afferent and efferent arterioles?

A

afferent : alpha1

efferent : beta1

23
Q

4 key paramateres of renal function

A
  • RBF
  • RPF
  • GFR
  • FF (GFR / RPF)
24
Q

What approximates RPF?

A

clearance of PAH (para amino hippurate)

25
Q

What approximates GFR?

A
  • clearance of inulin

- clearance of creatinin

26
Q

Na+ reabsorption with glucose 2 transporters :

A
  • SGLT

- Glut 2

27
Q

What does glucose reabsortion with Na do?

A

causes negative potential in the tubular fluid

28
Q

What can inhibit Na+ reabsorption with pi, AA?

A

PTH (parathormone), increase cAMP, inhibits symporter

29
Q

What is the diluting segment of the loop of henle?

A

TAL

30
Q

What does furosemide do?

A

inhibit 2Cl / K+ / Na+ cotransporter in TAL

31
Q

Channel in the distal convoluted tubule

A

Na+ / Cl- co transporter

32
Q

Receptor for ADH in kidney

A

V2R (Gs coupled)

33
Q

Role of alpha and beta intercalated cells

A

alpha : secrete H+

beta : secrete HCO3-

34
Q

Osmoreceptors of the CNS (2)

A
  • Vascular organ of lamina terminalis

- Subfornical organ

35
Q

Which cells synthesize ADH?

A

magnocellular cells

36
Q

What is concentrating capacity related to?

A

Medullary thickness

37
Q

2 steps of countercurrent multiplication

A
  • single effect

- flow of fluid

38
Q

Where does ADH increase urea permeability?

A

at inner medullary collecting duct

39
Q

What happens when we need to concentrate the kidney? (hyperosmotic urine)

A

higher ADH level is released

40
Q

What happens to interstitial osmolarity in the diluting kidney?

A

it also decreases because urea can’t be reabsorbed

41
Q

What is the reflex for urination?

A

micturation reflex

42
Q

3 muscles for micturition reflex

A
  • detrusor
  • internal urethral sphincter
  • external urethral sphincter
43
Q

Sympathetic innervation of bladder

A

hypogastric nerves

44
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of bladder

A

pelvic splanchnic nerve

45
Q

Somatic innervation of bladder

A

external sphincter through pudendal nerve

46
Q

2 phases of bladder

A
  • storage phase

- void phase

47
Q

What happens during storage phase?

A

inhibition of parasympathetic fibers

W/Physiology (31 decks)

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