Topic 8.1 Flashcards

1
Q

How is information encoded in the nervous system? (3)

A
  1. labelled lines
  2. spatial maps
  3. Pattern of nerve impulses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

neural network function (3 steps)

A

1) input
2) computation
3) output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most frequent nt for EPSP

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 glutamate receptor types?

A
  • ionotropic

- metabotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most frequent nt for IPSP

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GABA receptor types

A

GABA a : ligand gated Cl- channel

Gaba b : Gi coupled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is anion selectivity determined for GABA a?

A

Charged AA side chains inside the channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Analog receptors to GABAa (3)

A
  1. Glycine R (anion channel)

2. nACHR, 5HT3R (cation channels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is amplitude of combined PSP encoded?

A

In the AP frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is rythmic bursting activity explained?

A

Presence of VDCC + Calcium dependant K+ channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of channels in non adapting neuron?

A
  • quick voltage gated Na+ channel

- K+ channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Type of channel in adapting neuron

A

slowly activating, voltage gated K+ channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example of retrograde signaling

A

With 2-arachydonylglycerol and CB1R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which glutamate receptors are GQ coupled?

A

metabotropic type 1 and 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WHich enzyme converts DAG - 2AG

A

DAG lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of substance is 2-AG

A

endocanabinoid

17
Q

What is synaptic plasticity?

A

If AP frequency / pattern changes, strength of connection between 2 neurons may change

18
Q

What is synaptic strength?

A

the mean amplitude of the post synaptic response (EPSP)

19
Q

4 types of synaptic strength increase

A
  • facilitation
  • Augmentation
  • Potentiation
  • Long term potentiation (LSP)
20
Q

What can synaptic strength decrease be a result of? (3)

A
  • habituation
  • depression
  • long term depression
21
Q

Where is long term potentiation observed?

A

in the hippocampus

22
Q

Volume of brain occupied by glial cells

A

1/2 volume of the brain

23
Q

CNS glial cell types (3)

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Microglial cells
24
Q

Types of astrocytes (6)

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Protoplasmic
  3. Radial glial cell
  4. Müller cell
  5. Bergmann glia
  6. Ependymal cell
25
Q

Where are satellite cells found?

A

in sensory and autonomic ganglia

26
Q

Glial cells in the PNS (3)

A
  • Satellite cells
  • Enteric glial cells
  • Schwann cells
27
Q

How can astrocytes be identified

A

By their specific intermediate filament GFAP

28
Q

Functions of astrocytes (5)

A
  • Provide fuel in the form of lactate
  • Regulate K+ and pH of brain and ECF
  • Glutamate / glutamine cycle
  • Secrete trophic factors BDNF and GDNF
  • Modulate cerebral blood flow (neural activity induced vasodilation)
29
Q

2 ways for glucose to reach neuron

A
Direct path (glut 3)
Transastrocyte path (glut1)
30
Q

What is MCT 1 & 2

A

Monocarboxylate transporter : lactate and H+ co transporter

31
Q

Brain ECF [K+] + during max activity

A

3mM or 2.8mM

Max activité : 12mM

32
Q

Glutamate concentration in neuron

A

10mM

33
Q

Glutamate concentration EC

A

1 microM

34
Q

Where do microglial cells derive from?

A

Monocyte macrophage lineage

35
Q

What do microglial cells release when activated?

A

They release cytokines, free radicals and NO