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W/Physiology > Topic 5.2 > Flashcards

Topic 5.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does heparin sulfate do?

A

bind antithrombin 3

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2
Q

What is the role of antithrombin 3?

A

degrades clotting factors 2, 9, 10

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3
Q

Which drug can increase antithrombin activity?

A

heparin

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4
Q

What is the role of thrombomodulin?

A

bind thrombin

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5
Q

What is another name of thrombin?

A

factor 2

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6
Q

What does thrombin-factor 2 do?

A

activates protein C

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7
Q

What does protein C do?

A

it degrades clotting factors 5 and 8

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8
Q

What are the 5 mechanisms of hematostasis?

A
  1. Vascular spasm
  2. Platelet plug
  3. Coagulation
  4. Clot retraction and repair
  5. Fibrinolysis
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9
Q

What are the 2 ways of SM contraction if damage occurs?

A
  • endothelin secreted by endothelial cells

- stimulation of nociceptors by inflammatory chemicals

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10
Q

What produced VWF?

A

injured endothelial cells

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11
Q

How do platelets bind to VWF?

A

with the GpIb on their membrane

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12
Q

What 3 things do platelets release when activated?

A

ADP, TvA2, serotonin

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13
Q

What do TxA2 and ADP do?

A

they stimulate other platelet aggregation to site of injury

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14
Q

How do platelets bind together?

A

Gp IIb/IIIa and their membranes and fibrinogen (factor 1)

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15
Q

What do serotonin and TxA2 cause?

A

contraction by binding to SM (vascular spasm)

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16
Q

What happens once the platelet plug is formed?

A

phosphatidyl serines on the surface of the plug create a negative charge that activated factor 13

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17
Q

Which organ produces clotting factors?

A

mostly the liver

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18
Q

What does factor 13 do?

A

activated factor 12

19
Q

What does factor 12 do?

A

Activates factor 11

20
Q

What does factor 11 do?

A

Activated factor 9

21
Q

What does factor 9 do?

A

forms a complex with factor 8 and together they activate factor 10

22
Q

What is needed to form the factor 9/factor 8 complex?

A

PF3 and Ca2+

23
Q

What does factor 10 do?

A

reacts with factor V and activates prothrombin activator

24
Q

Which steps need cofactors?

A
  • Factor 9 and 8 complex formation

- Factor 10 and 5 interaction

25
Q

What does the prothrombin activator do?

A

activates prothrombin into thrombin

26
Q

What is another name for thrombin?

A

factor II

27
Q

Which drug can inhibit TxA2?

A

aspirin, by inhibiting cox 1

28
Q

Which drug can inhibit ADP?

A

clopidogril

29
Q

What are the 2 roles of thrombin?

A
  • Polymerize fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

- activates factor 13

30
Q

What is another name for factor 13?

A

fibrin stabilizing factor

31
Q

What is the role of factor 13?

A

cross links the fibrin strands to form the fibrin mesh

32
Q

What does the fibrin mesh do?

A

holds the platelet plug in place + slows down blood flow

33
Q

What is the extrinsic pathway?

A
  • factor 3 activated factor 7

- factor 7 either activates 10 directly or activated 9

34
Q

What is another name for factor 3?

A

tissue factor

35
Q

How long does the extrinsic pathway take?

A

30 seconds, fast

36
Q

How long does the intrinsic pathway take?

A

2-5 minutes, slow

37
Q

Which 2 factor do platelets release for clot retraction and repair?

A
  • PDGF (platelet derived growth factor)

- VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)

38
Q

What does PDGF do?

A

triggers mitosis of SM to repair lining + produces CT patches

39
Q

What does VEGF do?

A

regenerates endothelial lining

40
Q

Which protein on the endothelial cell membrane triggers fibrinolysis?

A

TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)

41
Q

What does TPA do?

A

activates plasminogen into plasmin

42
Q

What does plasmin do?

A

digests and degrades the fibrin mesh

43
Q

What is released after degradation of fibrin mesh? (2)

A

fibrinogen + D-dimer

44
Q

What is the role of warfarin?

A

inhibits vitamin K so that you can’t produce coagulation factors

W/Physiology (31 decks)

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