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Lab exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the Hayem solution?

A

hypertonic saline solution, shrinks RBC to stop cohesion

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2
Q

What is the area of the Bürker chamber?

A

50micromx50microm for small square and 200x200 for large square

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3
Q

How much Hayem solution do we use in the RBC counting?

A

990 microL (1mL)

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4
Q

How much blood do we need in the RBC and WBC counting?

A

10 microL

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5
Q

How much of the RBC / leukocyte suspension should be put in the Burker chamber?

A

20 microL

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6
Q

What is the normal value of the RBC count?

A

4-5.5 million cells / microL

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7
Q

What is Turk’s solution?

A

Methylene blue + acetic acid

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8
Q

What is Turk’s solution used for?

A

lyses RBCs, stains nuclei of WBC

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9
Q

How much of TUrk’s solution fo we need for WBC counting?

A

90 microL

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10
Q

What is the difference between counting RBC and WBC?

A

RBC : count small squares x 40

WBC : count big squares x25

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11
Q

What is the normal range of WBC count?

A

6-8000 cells / microL

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12
Q

What is may grunwald solution?

A

methanol + methylene blue + eosin

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13
Q

What is giemsa solution?

A

glycerol + azur-eosin with phosphate buffer, ph = 6.8

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14
Q

How long does the blood smear stay in each solution?

A

3minutes, 1 minute, then 15-20 minutes, then wash with distilled water

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15
Q

What is the percentage of neutrophils?

A

60-70%

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16
Q

What is the percentage of lymphocytes?

A

25-30%

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17
Q

What is the percentage of monocytes?

A

less than 10%

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18
Q

What is the percentage of eosinophils?

A

less than 5%

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19
Q

What is the percentage of basophils?

A

less than 1%

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20
Q

Transporter for glucose in RBC?

A

GLUT-1

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21
Q

Transporter for urea?

A

UT-B + some diffusion

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22
Q

Transport of NH3, ammonia?

A

diffuse through membrane by non-ionic diffusion

23
Q

Transport of Cl- and HCO3-?

A

CL- / HCO3- exchanger

24
Q

What does adding NaCHO3 do?

A

dissociates H+ and bicarbonate to CO2 and H20

25
Q

How much blood do we use for the transport rate calc?

A

100 microL of RBC suspension

26
Q

If needed, how much NAHCO3- do we add to the suspension in RBC transport?

A

100 microL

27
Q

What type of antibody is the ab against the ABO surface antigens?

A

It is IgM type, which cannot cross the placenta

28
Q

What type of antibody is the ab against the Rh surface antigens?

A

It is IgG type, which can cross the placenta

29
Q

When are antibodies produced for Rh?

A

Antibodies are produced upon first exposure to Rh antigen in Rh negative individuals

30
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

difference between systemis and diastolic bp

31
Q

What is mean arterial pressure?

A

systemic + 2 disatolic / 3

32
Q

pH value norm

33
Q

Avg PaCO2

34
Q

Standard Bicarbonate value

35
Q

Actual bicarbonate value

36
Q

Buffer base value

A

44-49mEq/L

37
Q

Base excess value

A

2-2.5mEq/L

38
Q

O2, N2 volume fraction (F)

A
  1. 21 aka 21% for O2

0. 78 for N2

39
Q

Partial pressure of H20 vapor at 37 degrees

40
Q

Calc Pgas

A

Pgas = Fgas * (Pb - PH20)

41
Q

Calc Valveolar

A

Va = (VT-VD)*RR

VT : 1000 if slow, 500 if rapid

42
Q

Calc physiological deadspace

A

VD/VT = (PalvCO2 - PexpCO2)/(PalvCO2)

43
Q

Calc alveolar minute ventilation

A

PalvCO2 = (V°CO2 / V°alv) * 863
PalvCO2 = 40mmHg
Then use Valv = (VT-VD)RR to find VT
Then use VE = VTRR

44
Q

Calc alvPCO2 if 100mL tube

A

Vd (new) = 160 + 100

Then find PalvCO2 = (VCO2 / Valv) *863

45
Q

Calc alvPO2

A

PalvO2 = PIO2 - VO2/Valv *863

PIO2 : partial presure of inhaled air

46
Q

physiological PalvO2?

47
Q

What is tubocurarine?

A

nAchR antagonist, blocks receptor without causing depolarization (no Na influx to motor end plate)

48
Q

What is 3,4-diaminopyridine

A

K+ channel inhibitor (voltage gated)

49
Q

What is tetrodotoxin?

A

voltage dependant Na+ channel blocker

50
Q

What is norepinephrine?

A

alpha and beta adrenergic receptor agonist (alpha > beta)

51
Q

What is prazosin?

A

alpha 1 adrenergic R antagonist, no effect in heart

52
Q

What is propanolol?

A

Beta (1) blocker, important in heart

53
Q

Explain the drop in the arterial and the increase in central venous pressure detected
following ach administration

A

Cardiac M2 receptor : heart slows down, CO decreased, ABP decreased
Endothelial M3 receptor : vasodilation, increase of VBP

54
Q

What is atropine?

A

mAchR antagonist, blocks M3 receptors

W/Physiology (31 decks)

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