Topic 7.1 Flashcards
Which cell produces GH?
somatotropic cell
Which cell produces prolactin?
mammotropic cell (aka lactotrope cell)
Which GH-like hormones are produced by placenta? (2°
- Human chorion sommatomammotropin (HCS) aka human placental lactogen
- Placental growth hormone
What is galactoria?
Leakage of milk in prolactinoma
Which cell produces TSH?
thyrotropic cell
Which cell produces FSH and LH?
gonadotropic cell
Which glycoprotein hormone does the placenta produce?
Human chorion gonadotropin
What is POMC?
pro opio melanocortin
Which neurons have Beta endorphin nt?
Opioid neurons (endogenous opioid)
Which cell produces ACTH?
corticotropic cell
On what does ACTH have an effect?
On the fasciculate layer of the adrenal cortex
Link between ACTH and alpha MSH?
alpha MSH is equivalent to the first 13 AA of ACTH
What type of receptor is GnRH coupled to?
Gs coupled
What type of receptor is TRH coupled to?
Gq
What type of secretion does GnRH have?
pulsatile secretion every 1-3 hours
Which GnRH analogue is used in prostate cancer?
Buserelin
What receptor is CRH coupled to?
Gs coupled
Which cell produces vasopressin? (2)
Parvocellular cell or magnocellular cell
What can AVP regulate? (2)
- stress production of cortisol
- H20 retention
Which receptors is AVP coupled to?
- V1bR : Gq coupled, for ACTH increase
- V2R : Gs coupled, for H20 regulation
What are the effects of somatostatin?
decrease GH and TSH production
What type of receptor for somatostatin?
SST-R type 2 or 5 : gi coupled
What is octreotide?
a sst analog, more potent inhibitor
Which dopamine receptor regulates PRL?
type 2 dopamine R, Gi coupled
What is a T2 dopamine R agonist?
bromocriptine
6 ways to induce large GH secretion?
- Hypoglycaemia
- Fasting
- Physical exercise, stress
- Clonidine (alpha 2 ADR agonist)
- sleeping
- basic AA
GH secretion in children and in adults
Child : 5-8 ng/mL
Adult : 2-3 ng/mL
Which family does the GH receptor belong to?
cytokine family
Acute effects of GH (3)
- Increase plasma [glucose]
- Increase plasma [FFA]
- Increase protein synthesis
Chronic effects of GH (4)
- Bone length growth
- Perichondrocyte -> chondrocyte differenciation
- Collagen synthesis increase
- General organ tissue growth
What does GH deficiency in childhood lead to?
pituitary dwarfism (nanosomia)
What does GH overproduction in adulthood lead to?
acromegaly
What are somatomedins?
Local growth factors produced by the target tissue
