Topic 8.12 Flashcards
How is the ganglion compared to organ in sympathetic?
Ganglion is far way from effector organ
Where are the autonomic nuclei located? (2)
- intermediolateral region of spinal cord
- brainstem nuclei
What is the primary control of the autonomic nuclei?
hypothalamus
How can hypothalamus sense need for water?
via circumventricular organ
What can activate the circumventricular organ? (3)
- Angiotensin II
- High osmolarity
- Peripheral receptor activation
Responses of hypothalamus in fight or flight reflex?
- sympathetic activation
- somatomotor responses
- activation of endocrine system (ACTH / glucocorticoid)
Which areas of the brain are responsible for non cognitive behavior and emotion? (3)
- paleocortex
- dicencephalon
- brainstem
Neural centers that control non cognitive behavior (5)
- Reticular formation
- Locus ceruleus
- Substantia NIgra
- Raphe nuclei
- Gigantocellular neurons
What is the reticular formation responsible for? (2)
- activating and deactivating the systems of the brain
- modulates sensory and pain signals
Where is locus ceruleus located
in the pons
What does locus ceruleus produce?
norepinephrine
What is locus ceruleus responsible for? (2)
- alertness and excitatory control
- REM sleep
Where is SN located?
in the mesencephalon
Where is ther aphe nuclei located?
Pons and medulla
Role of SN?
produce dopamine for the striatal nigral tract
What does raphe nuclei produce?
serotonin
What is the role of raphe nuclei?
modulate pain sensation (usually inhibitory)
What type of cells are the gigantocellular neurons?
cholinergic cells
What is the limbic system made up of?
the paleocortex (e.g : cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus)
Role of lateral hypothalamus (3)
- increased activity
- rage
- fighting feelings
Role of ventromedial hypothalamus (2)
- tranquility
- safety
Role of anterior hypothalamus
sexuality
Role of paraventricular hypothalamus (2)
- oxytocin production
- erections
What are hippocampus, dentate responsible for?
long term memory and affections
What is the amygdala responsible for? (3)
Motor control for rage, pleasure, and involuntary actions (licking, chewing, eating)
What activates the limbic circuits?
sensory inputs
What type of sensory input activates the amygdala?
smell
Papez circuit steps (7)
- Cingulate gyrus
- Entorhinal cortex (hippocampus)
- Dentate gyrus and ammon’s horn
- Through fornix
- Mammillary bodies
- Thalamus
- Cingulate gyrus
What does the output of the limbic circuits involve?
Hormonal release and motor responses
3 neurotransmitters used in limbic circuits
- serotonin
- glutamate
- dopamine
