Topic 8 Skeletal System

Question 1

• Includes all bones and joints

- Acts as a scaffold by providing support and protection for tissues

Answer 1

Note

Question 2

• Hard covering on outer surface
• Insects and other arthropods have jointed exoskeleton (cuticle) made of chitin – necessitates molding for growth. In this process, a non-living coat is secreted by the epidermis and the hormone ecdysone is involved in insect molting and metamorphosis

Answer 2

Exoskeleton

Question 3

• Vertebrate skeleton comprised of internal skeleton under soft tissue. The two major components are cartilage and bone.

Answer 3

Endoskeleton

Question 4

• Cartilage

- Bone

Answer 4

Types of Endoskeleton

Question 5

• Avascular connective tissue that is soft and flexible and found in ear, nose, larynx, trachea, and joints
• Most abundant protein in vertebrates

Answer 5

Cartilage

Question 6

• hyaline (most common, reduced friction and absorbs shock in joints), fibrocartilage, and elastic

Answer 6

3 Types of Cartilage

Question 7

• Development
• Collagen
• Composition
• Surroundings

Answer 7

Cartilage Structure and Parts

Question 8

• arises from mesenchyme tissue that differentiates into chondrocytes: secrete molecules that form cartilaginous matrix made of collagen and proteoglycans

Answer 8

Development

Question 9

• present in tissue as a triple helix with special amino acids hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, ground substance, and elastin fibers

Answer 9

Collagen

Question 10

• cartilage is composed primarily of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate, and receives nutrients via diffusion

Answer 10

Composition

Question 11

• cartilage is surrounded by a dense fibrous connective tissue called perichondrium

Answer 11

Surroundings

Question 12

• Living connective tissue that is hard and strong while also elastic and lightweight

Answer 12

Bone

Question 13

• support soft tissue, protect internal organs, assist in body movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, and energy storage in the form of adipose cells in bone marrow

Answer 13

Bone functions

Question 14

• Bone can be mature or immature. Woven bone is immature and weak, and is the first bone to form during development and in fracture repair. Woven bone is replaced by lamellar bone which is mature and strong. Spongey and compact bone are types of lamellar bone

Answer 14

Note