Topic 6 Nervous System: Central Nervous System

Question 1

• Consists of the interneurons, brain, and spinal cord

- The brain and spinal cord have three layers of protective coverings called meninges (under bone)

Answer 1

Note

Question 2

• Meninges
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• Brain Lobes

Answer 2

Layers of brain and spinal cord

Question 3

• Dura Mater
• Arachnoid Meter
• Space between arachnoid and Pia mater
• Pia mater

Answer 3

Parts of Meninges

Question 4

• outermost layer, thick, protects brain and spinal cord, has vein-like structures to carry blood from brain back to heart

Answer 4

Dura Mater

Question 5

• middle layer with a spiderweb-like appearance

Answer 5

Arachnoid Mater

Question 6

• space filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which is produced by tissue called choroid plexus in fluid-filled compartments in the CNS called ventricles
• Brain floats in CSF, which acts as a cushion and shock absorber; CSF also circulates chemical substances throughout the brain and into the spinal cord

Answer 6

Space between arachnoid and Pia mater

Question 7

• delicate innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord

Answer 7

Pia Mater

Question 8

• Has outer grey matter (cell bodies) and inner white matter (axons); consists of forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Answer 8

Brain

Question 9

• Forebrain
• Midbrain
• Hindbrain

Answer 9

Parts of brain

Question 10

• largest and most important brain region; contains the cerebrum, which includes the following:

Answer 10

Forebrain

Question 11

• Cerebral Cortex
• Olfactory Bulb
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Basal Ganglia
• Hippocampus

Answer 11

Parts of Fore Brain

Question 12

• processes sensory input, important for perception, memory, voluntary movement, and learning

Answer 12

Cerebral Cortex

Question 13

• Smell

Answer 13

Olfactory Bulb

Question 14

• relays sensory information between spinal cord and cerebral cortex

Answer 14

Thalamus

Question 15

• responsible for visceral function such as water balance, blood pressure regulation, temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, sex drive, circadian rhythms – circadian rhythms coordinated by suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 15

Hypothalamus

Question 16

• centers for planning/learning movement sequences

Answer 16

Basal ganglia

Question 17

• memory consolidation and spatial navigation

Answer 17

Hippocampus

Question 18

• relay center for visual and auditory impulses, and motor control

Answer 18

Midbrain

Question 19

• posterior part of the brain that contains the following:

Answer 19

Hindbrain

Question 20

• Cerebellum
• Pons
• Medulla Oblongata
• Brainstem

Answer 20

Parts of Hindbrain

Question 21

• maintains balance, hand-eye coordination, timing of rapid movements, and motor skills. Does not initiate movement, but helps coordinate it

Answer 21

Cerebellum

Question 22

• relay center to allow communication between the cortex and cerebellum

Answer 22

Pons

Question 23

• regulates breathing, heart rate, and gastrointestinal activity

Answer 23

Medulla Oblongata

Question 24

• consists of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons; connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord and is part of the reticular formation, which is a network of neurons within the brainstem that regulates sleep and arousal

Answer 24

Brainstem

Question 25

• Bundle of nerves (does not include the bony spine / vertebral column) with the outer area of the cord consisting of white matter and the inner consisting of gray matter; contains two horns
  a. Dorsal Horn: sensory info enters here
  b. Ventral horn: motor information exits here

Answer 25

Spinal cord

Question 26

• The cerebrum, the largest part of the brain with two hemispheres and connected by the corpus callosum (thick nerve bundle) is divided by lobes)

Answer 26

Brain Lobes

Question 27

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Temporal
• Occipital

Answer 27

Types of Lobes

Question 28

• responsible for conscious thought (attention), initiates voluntary skeletal muscle movement via motor cortex, contains olfactory bulb for smell, Broca’s area for forming speech is found here, and contains the prefrontal cortex for decision making and planning

Answer 28

Frontal Lobe

Question 29

• contains the sensory areas

Answer 29

Parietal Lobe

Question 30

• Somatosensation
• Proprioception
• Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 30

Parts of Parietal Lobe

Question 31

• temperature, touch, pressure, and pain

Answer 31

Somatosensation

Question 32

• orientation of body parts in space

Answer 32

Proprioception

Question 33

• receives and processes sensory information the entire body

Answer 33

Somatosensory Cortex

Question 34

• processes and interprets sound

Answer 34

Temporal Lobe

Question 35

• Wernickes Area
• Hippocamous
• Auditory cortex

Answer 35

Parts of Temporal Lobe

Question 36

• understanding speech

Answer 36

Wernicke’s area

Question 37

• memory formation

Answer 37

Hippocampus

Question 38

• processes auditory information in humans

Answer 38

Auditory Cortex

Question 39

• processes and interprets visual input, responsible for object recognition, responds to visual stimuli
  a. Visual association cortex: processes vision

Answer 39

Occipital Lobe

Question 40

• Cerebrum has an outer portion (cerebral cortex made of gray matter) and an inner portion (white matter) and basal ganglia
• Cerebrum contains sensory, motor, and association areas
• The base of the cerebrum contains the amygdala, a mass of nuclei responsible for emotional memory

Answer 40

Note