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DAT Bio Ch 3 Structure and Functions of Systems > Topic 6 Nervous System: Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Topic 6 Nervous System: Central Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • Consists of the interneurons, brain, and spinal cord

- The brain and spinal cord have three layers of protective coverings called meninges (under bone)

A

Note

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2
Q
  • Meninges
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
  • Brain Lobes
A

Layers of brain and spinal cord

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3
Q
  • Dura Mater
  • Arachnoid Meter
  • Space between arachnoid and Pia mater
  • Pia mater
A

Parts of Meninges

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4
Q
  • outermost layer, thick, protects brain and spinal cord, has vein-like structures to carry blood from brain back to heart
A

Dura Mater

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5
Q
  • middle layer with a spiderweb-like appearance
A

Arachnoid Mater

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6
Q
  • space filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which is produced by tissue called choroid plexus in fluid-filled compartments in the CNS called ventricles
  • Brain floats in CSF, which acts as a cushion and shock absorber; CSF also circulates chemical substances throughout the brain and into the spinal cord
A

Space between arachnoid and Pia mater

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7
Q
  • delicate innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord
A

Pia Mater

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8
Q
  • Has outer grey matter (cell bodies) and inner white matter (axons); consists of forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
A

Brain

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9
Q
  • Forebrain
  • Midbrain
  • Hindbrain
A

Parts of brain

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10
Q
  • largest and most important brain region; contains the cerebrum, which includes the following:
A

Forebrain

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11
Q
  • Cerebral Cortex
  • Olfactory Bulb
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Basal Ganglia
  • Hippocampus
A

Parts of Fore Brain

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12
Q
  • processes sensory input, important for perception, memory, voluntary movement, and learning
A

Cerebral Cortex

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13
Q
  • Smell
A

Olfactory Bulb

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14
Q
  • relays sensory information between spinal cord and cerebral cortex
A

Thalamus

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15
Q
  • responsible for visceral function such as water balance, blood pressure regulation, temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, sex drive, circadian rhythms – circadian rhythms coordinated by suprachiasmatic nucleus
A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q
  • centers for planning/learning movement sequences
A

Basal ganglia

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17
Q
  • memory consolidation and spatial navigation
A

Hippocampus

18
Q
  • relay center for visual and auditory impulses, and motor control
A

Midbrain

19
Q
  • posterior part of the brain that contains the following:
A

Hindbrain

20
Q
  • Cerebellum
  • Pons
  • Medulla Oblongata
  • Brainstem
A

Parts of Hindbrain

21
Q
  • maintains balance, hand-eye coordination, timing of rapid movements, and motor skills. Does not initiate movement, but helps coordinate it
A

Cerebellum

22
Q
  • relay center to allow communication between the cortex and cerebellum
A

Pons

23
Q
  • regulates breathing, heart rate, and gastrointestinal activity
A

Medulla Oblongata

24
Q
  • consists of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons; connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord and is part of the reticular formation, which is a network of neurons within the brainstem that regulates sleep and arousal
A

Brainstem

25
Q
  • Bundle of nerves (does not include the bony spine / vertebral column) with the outer area of the cord consisting of white matter and the inner consisting of gray matter; contains two horns
    a. Dorsal Horn: sensory info enters here
    b. Ventral horn: motor information exits here
A

Spinal cord

26
Q
  • The cerebrum, the largest part of the brain with two hemispheres and connected by the corpus callosum (thick nerve bundle) is divided by lobes)
A

Brain Lobes

27
Q
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
A

Types of Lobes

28
Q
  • responsible for conscious thought (attention), initiates voluntary skeletal muscle movement via motor cortex, contains olfactory bulb for smell, Broca’s area for forming speech is found here, and contains the prefrontal cortex for decision making and planning
A

Frontal Lobe

29
Q
  • contains the sensory areas
A

Parietal Lobe

30
Q
  • Somatosensation
  • Proprioception
  • Somatosensory Cortex
A

Parts of Parietal Lobe

31
Q
  • temperature, touch, pressure, and pain
A

Somatosensation

32
Q
  • orientation of body parts in space
A

Proprioception

33
Q
  • receives and processes sensory information the entire body
A

Somatosensory Cortex

34
Q
  • processes and interprets sound
A

Temporal Lobe

35
Q
  • Wernickes Area
  • Hippocamous
  • Auditory cortex
A

Parts of Temporal Lobe

36
Q
  • understanding speech
A

Wernicke’s area

37
Q
  • memory formation
A

Hippocampus

38
Q
  • processes auditory information in humans
A

Auditory Cortex

39
Q
  • processes and interprets visual input, responsible for object recognition, responds to visual stimuli
    a. Visual association cortex: processes vision
A

Occipital Lobe

40
Q
  • Cerebrum has an outer portion (cerebral cortex made of gray matter) and an inner portion (white matter) and basal ganglia
  • Cerebrum contains sensory, motor, and association areas
  • The base of the cerebrum contains the amygdala, a mass of nuclei responsible for emotional memory
A

Note

DAT Bio Ch 3 Structure and Functions of Systems (93 decks)

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