Topic 10 Immune System: Human Supplements to Immune System

Question 1

• Humans are able to enhance natural body defenses thanks to the following medical interventions

Answer 1

Note

Question 2

• Chemicals derived from bacteria and fungi that are harmful to other microorganisms

Answer 2

1. Antibiotics

Question 3

• Stimulate production of memory cells from inactivated viruses or weakened bacteria (artificially active immunity)
• Note that vaccines are not just used against viruses, they can be made against bacteria as well (tuberculosis is a bacterial disease whereas chicken/smallpox, rabies, and hepatitis are viral diseases)

Answer 3

2. Vaccines

Question 4

• Inactivated Vaccine
• Attenuated Vaccine
• Toxoid Vaccine

Answer 4

Types of Vaccines

Question 5

• consist of an inactivated pathogen that has been destroyed

Answer 5

Inactivated Vaccine

Question 6

• contain live pathogens but are disabled in some way to prevent virulence

Answer 6

Attenuated Vaccine

Question 7

• can be made from inactivated toxic compounds that cause illness rather than the pathogen itself

Answer 7

Toxoid Vaccine

Question 8

• Occurs when antibodies are transferred from another individual (e.g., newborns from mother)
• Acquired immediately, but short-lived and non-specific
• Gamma globulin (blood containing antibodies) can confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases

Answer 8

3. Passive Immunity

Question 9

• Primary response requires about 20 days to reach full potential

Answer 9

Note