Topic 3 Circulatory System: Lymph Vessels

Question 1

• An open secondary circulatory system that transports excess interstitial fluids (lymph) through the contraction of adjacent muscles
• Some walls of larger lymph vessels also have smooth muscle to assist in the movement of lymph

Answer 1

Lymphatic System

Question 2

1. Proteins and large particles that can’t be taken up by capillaries are removed to the lymph which also monitors blood for infection
   a. Also transports absorbed fat from small intestine to the blood

Answer 2

Note

Question 3

2. Has valves to prevent back flow – fluid returns to the blood circulatory system through 2 ducts located in the shoulder region (thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct) which empty into the left and right subclavian vein. This fluid eventually rejoins the blood as plasma

Answer 3

Note

Question 4

3. Contains lymph nodes – lymph nodes have phagocytic cells (leukocytes) that filter the lymph and serve as immune response centers. Swollen glands during sickness are actually lymph nodes filled with white blood cells

Answer 4

Note

Question 5

4. Organs – the thymus and bone marrow are the primary central lymphoid organs that can replenish immune cells (T cells in thymus, B cells in marrow)
   a. The lymph nodes, spleen, adenoids, appendix, Peyer’s patched (found in small intestine), and tonsils are peripheral lymphoid tissues
   - These house immune system cells but cant replenish them
   - The thymus doesn’t make new T cells, but T cells mature there so it houses fresh ones

Answer 5

Note