Topic 6 Nervous System: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 1

• Consists of somatic and autonomic branches, both of which have sensory and motor subbranches

Answer 1

Note

Question 2

• Innervates skeletal muscle and can be voluntary (raising hand) or involuntary (knee jerk reflex)
• Uses acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction, the location where a motor neuron synapses with skeletal muscle cell directly

Answer 2

Somatic Nervous System

Question 3

• Responsible for involuntary movement and innervates cardiac and smooth muscle; divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic branches

Answer 3

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 4

• Sympathetic

- Parasympathetic

Answer 4

Types of Autonomic Nervous System

Question 5

• responsible for fight or flight response by doing the following:
  1. Increasing blood pressure and heart rate
  2. Ejaculating
  3. Generating energy (liver converts glycogen -> glucose)
  4. Inhibiting digestion, urination, and salivary secretion

Answer 5

Sympathetic

Question 6

• responsible for rest and digest activities by doing the following:
  1. lowering heart rate
  2. increasing digestion, relaxation, and sexual arousal

Answer 6

Parasympathetic

Question 7

• Preganglionic

- Postganglionic

Answer 7

Nerves of Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 8

• originate in and exit the CNS midway through the spinal cord and form synapses in ganglia (with postganglionic nerves) just outside the spinal cord; release acetylcholine

Answer 8

Preganglionic

Question 9

• release epinephrin/ norepinephrine

Answer 9

Postganglionic

Question 10

• Preganglionic

- Postganglionic

Answer 10

Nerves of parasympathetic nervous system

Question 11

• originate and exit the CNS from the base of the brain and upper spinal cord and form synapses with ganglia in or near effectors; release acetylcholine

Answer 11

Preganglionic

Question 12

• release acetylcholine as well (sometimes nitric oxide)

Answer 12

Postganglionic

Question 13

• called cholinergic receptors and have two types

Answer 13

Acetylcholine Receptors

Question 14

• Nicotinic
• Muscarinic
• Epinephrine and norepinephrine receptors

Answer 14

Types of Acetylcholine Receptors

Question 15

• found on skeletal muscle and on postganglionic nerves at the ganglia

Answer 15

Nicotinic

Question 16

• found on effectors for the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

Muscarinic

Question 17

• are called adrenergic receptors

Answer 17

Epinephrine and norepinephrine receptors

Question 18

• A reflex arc is a rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus involving two or three neurons, but the brain does not integrate the sensory and motor activities: instead a synapse is made in the spinal cord (ex: knee jerk reflex)

Answer 18

Note