Topic 3 Circulatory System: Other Blood Components

Question 1

• Blood antigen
• A mother might attack Rh+ antigens in second fetus: condition known as erythroblastosis fetalis
  a. This condition is also known as Rh incompatibility
  b. The first child that is Rh_ while the mother is Rh- is fine, but during the first childbirth, the blood exposure leads to antibodies that attack the Rb+ fetus during the second childbirth, and can be fatal

Answer 1

1. Rh Factor

Question 2

• Occur in the hepatic portal system (stomach/intestines/spleen drain via the hepatic portal vein to capillaries of the liver
• The hypophyseal portal system between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
  a. Non-mammals also possess a renal portal system

Answer 2

2. Double capillary beds (portal systems)

Question 3

• Capillary bed pools into another capillary bed (1) → drains into portal vein → capillary bed (2) → drains into vein that returns blood to the heart without first going to the heart (which is beneficial since products are transported in a high concentration to a targeted part of the body without spreading to the entire body. For example, the liver can screen for harmful substances picked up from digestion before the heart pumps these substances everywhere)

Answer 3

Movement across capillary beds

Question 4

• Maintains pH of internal fluids of all cells; H2PO4- and HPO4^2- act as acid and base (amphoteric) and bicarbonate acts as extracellular buffer

Answer 4

3. Phosphate buffer system

Question 5

• Results in a decrease in arterial pressure, which is sensed by arterial baroreceptors
• Body wants to compensate for this reduced blood pressure, and does so by increasing heart rate and system vascular resistance
  a. Blood pressure has fallen -> body wants to raise it -> cardiac output and heart rate increase -> this increases stroke volume and system vascular resistance

Answer 5

4. Hemorrhage (excessive bleeding)

Question 6

• Blockade of cells that prevents or slows the passage of drugs, ions, and pathogens into the central nervous system
• Permeable to O2, CO2, glucose, and general anesthetics

Answer 6

5. Blood-brain Barrier (BBB)