Topic 3 Circulatory System: Blood

Question 1

• There are 4-6 liters of blood in human body
• Blood is a connective tissue
• Heart pumps about 7,000 L of blood a day

Answer 1

Note

Question 2

• 55% liquid (plasma) and 45% cellular components
• Plasma
• Blood Serum
• Erythrocytes (RBCs)
• Leukocytes (WBCs)
• Platelets/Thrombocytes

Answer 2

1. Components

Question 3

• Aqueous mixture of nutrients, salts, gases, wastes, hormones, blood proteins (immunoglobins, albumin, fibrinogen, clotting factors)

Answer 3

a. Plasma

Question 4

• Same as plasma minus any clotting

Answer 4

b. Blood Serum

Question 5

a. Transports oxygen on hemoglobin
b. Catalyzes conversion of CO2 and H2O to H2CO3
c. Lacks nucleus and organelles to maximize hemoglobin content
d. Do not undergo mitosis
e. Contain spectrin, which enables them to resist strong shearing forces
f. If tissues do not receive enough oxygen, the kidneys can synthesize and secrete hormone called erythropoietin (EPO) to stimulate generation of more erythrocytes in bone marrow
g. Derive energy from glycolysis

Answer 5

c. Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 6

• Larger than RBCs and phagocytize foreign matter and organisms
• Contain organelles but no hemoglobin
• Undergo diapedesis: a process by which WBCs become part of the interstitial fluid and slip through the endothelial lining

Answer 6

d. Leukocytes (WBCs)

Question 7

• Cell fragments involved in blood clotting
  a. Lack nuclei and stick to damaged epithelium in order to attract more platelets
  b. Convert fibrinogen (inactive) to fibrin (active)
  c. Are formed from small portions of membrane-bound cytoplasm torn from megakaryocytes
  d. Can produce prostaglandins and some important enzymes

Answer 7

e. Platelets/thrombocytes