Topic 10 Immune System: Inflammatory Response

Question 1

• A series of non-specific events that occur in response to injury or pathogens. For example, when skin is damaged, bacteria can enter the body, and part of the inflammatory response is to wall-off the affected tissue and local lymph vessels from the rest of the body to contain the spread of infection.

Answer 1

Note

Question 2

• Is secreted by mast cells, which are white blood cells in connective tissue, and cause vasodilation

Answer 2

1. Histamine

Question 3

• Stimulated by histamine and increases blood supply to the area, which causes a subsequent increase in temperature that stimulates WBCs that can kill pathogens

Answer 3

2. Vasodilation

Question 4

• Attracted to injury by chemical gradients of the complement system, and engulf pathogens and damaged cells

Answer 4

3. Phagocytes

Question 5

• Help phagocytes engulf foreign cells, stimulate basophils to release histamine, and lyse foreign cells

Answer 5

4. Complement

Question 6

• Causative agents of the inflammatory response also include prostaglandins, which control inflammation and blood flow, and lymphokines, which activate macrophages.
• Some pathogens can invade the innate immune system. Some bacteria have an outer capsule preventing molecular recognition and phagocytosis, while others resist breakdown within lysosomes.

Answer 6

Note