Topic 1 Animal Forms and Functions

Question 1

• Groups of cells that have similar structure and function together as a unit
• 4 main types: epithelial (skin or internal organ covering), connective (bone, cartilage, blood), nervous and muscle

Answer 1

1. Tissues

Question 2

• Bringing conditions back to normal function

Answer 2

2. Negative Feedback

Question 3

• Action that intensifies a condition so that it is driven further beyond normal limits (labor contraction, lactation, sexual orgasm)

Answer 3

3. Positive Feedback

Question 4

• movement of gases in and out

- can also mean cellular respiration in which ATP is produced in the mitochondria

Answer 4

4. Respiration

Question 5

• control of exchange of heat with the environment
• ectotherms/ poikilotherms/ cold-blooded: obtain body heat from environment
  a. include invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, fish
• endotherms/homeotherms/warm-blooded: generate own body heat and have higher basal metabolic rate than ectotherms

Answer 5

5. Thermoregulation

Question 6

• Evaporation: body heat removed as liquid evaporates (endergonic process)
• Metabolism: muscle contraction and other metabolic activities generate heat
• Surface area: vasodilation of vasoconstriction of extremity vessels results in heat retention or removal
  a. Blood flow to ears reduces body temp, or concurrent exchange keeps central parts of body warm

Answer 6

6. Regulatory Mechanisms