Tonsilitis

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with tonsillitis?

Answer 1

Sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever. History of recurrent throat infections. Possible exposure to streptococcal infection.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in tonsillitis?

Answer 2

Enlarged, erythematous tonsils with exudate. Tender cervical lymphadenopathy. Possible petechiae on the soft palate.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing tonsillitis?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Rapid strep test and throat culture to identify streptococcal infection.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for tonsillitis?

Answer 4

Adequate hydration and rest. Warm saline gargles. Avoidance of irritants such as smoke.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for tonsillitis?

Answer 5

Antibiotics for bacterial tonsillitis (e.g., penicillin or amoxicillin). Analgesics and antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen) for symptom relief. Corticosteroids for severe inflammation.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in tonsillitis patients?

Answer 6

Difficulty breathing, drooling, or severe pain. Signs of peritonsillar abscess: trismus, muffled voice, uvular deviation. Persistent or recurrent infections despite treatment.

Question 7

When should a patient with tonsillitis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Refractory or severe tonsillitis not responding to medical treatment. Suspected peritonsillar abscess or complications. Need for surgical intervention (e.g., tonsillectomy).

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to tonsillitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the tonsils due to viral or bacterial infection. Leads to sore throat, swelling, and potential airway obstruction.