Otitis Externa Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with otitis externa?
Ear pain, itching, and discharge. History of water exposure (e.g., swimming) or trauma (e.g., cotton swab use). Symptoms may include hearing loss and ear fullness.
What are the key physical examination findings in otitis externa?
Tenderness on manipulation of the external ear. Swollen, erythematous ear canal with possible purulent discharge. Normal tympanic membrane if visible.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing otitis externa?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Culture of ear discharge if infection is severe or recurrent.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for otitis externa?
Avoidance of water exposure and ear trauma. Use of earplugs while swimming. Educate on proper ear hygiene.
What are the pharmacological management options for otitis externa?
Topical antibiotic drops (e.g., ciprofloxacin) with or without corticosteroids. Oral antibiotics for severe cases. Analgesics for pain relief.
What are the red flags to look for in otitis externa patients?
Severe pain extending beyond the ear canal. Signs of systemic infection: fever, malaise. Persistent symptoms despite treatment.
When should a patient with otitis externa be referred to a specialist?
Refractory or severe otitis externa not responding to initial treatment. Suspected malignant otitis externa in immunocompromised patients. Need for further diagnostic evaluation.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to otitis externa?
Infection and inflammation of the external auditory canal. Often caused by bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or fungi. Leads to pain, swelling, and discharge.
