Hordeolum

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with hordeolum?

Answer 1

Acute onset of localized pain, redness, and swelling of the eyelid. History of previous similar lesions or chronic blepharitis.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in hordeolum?

Answer 2

Tender, red, swollen area on the eyelid margin. Possible central area of pus or drainage. No significant vision changes.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing hordeolum?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. No additional investigations typically needed unless recurrent or complicated.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for hordeolum?

Answer 4

Warm compresses applied several times a day. Good eyelid hygiene. Avoidance of eye makeup and contact lenses during infection.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for hordeolum?

Answer 5

Topical antibiotics if secondary infection is suspected (e.g., erythromycin ointment). Oral antibiotics for severe cases. Incision and drainage if abscess forms.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in hordeolum patients?

Answer 6

Rapid worsening of symptoms. Significant vision changes. Extension of redness and swelling beyond the eyelid. Signs of systemic infection: fever, malaise.

Question 7

When should a patient with hordeolum be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Recurrent or persistent lesions not responding to treatment. Complications such as preseptal cellulitis. Need for surgical intervention or further evaluation.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to hordeolum?

Answer 8

Acute infection of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid (usually Staphylococcus aureus). Leads to localized abscess formation and inflammation.