Otitis Media Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with otitis media?
Ear pain, hearing loss, and possible fever. History of recent upper respiratory infection. Symptoms may include ear fullness and irritability.
What are the key physical examination findings in otitis media?
Bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane. Decreased mobility of the tympanic membrane on pneumatic otoscopy. Possible purulent discharge if tympanic membrane perforates.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing otitis media?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Tympanometry can be used to assess middle ear function. Hearing tests if chronic or recurrent.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for otitis media?
Pain management with warm compresses. Educate on avoiding water in the ear. Monitor for worsening symptoms.
What are the pharmacological management options for otitis media?
Oral antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin) for bacterial infection. Analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen) for pain relief. Topical antibiotic drops if tympanic membrane is perforated.
What are the red flags to look for in otitis media patients?
Severe pain not relieved by standard treatment. Signs of complications: mastoiditis, facial nerve paralysis. Persistent or recurrent infections.
When should a patient with otitis media be referred to a specialist?
Refractory or severe otitis media not responding to initial treatment. Complications such as mastoiditis or cholesteatoma. Need for surgical intervention (e.g., tympanostomy tubes).
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to otitis media?
Infection and inflammation of the middle ear. Often follows upper respiratory infections. Can lead to effusion, tympanic membrane perforation, and hearing loss.
