Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with benign positional paroxysmal vertigo?
Recurrent episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position. Brief episodes lasting seconds to minutes. History of recent head trauma or vestibular disease.
What are the key physical examination findings in benign positional paroxysmal vertigo?
Positive Dix-Hallpike maneuver causing nystagmus and vertigo. Normal neurological exam. No hearing loss or tinnitus.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing benign positional paroxysmal vertigo?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Dix-Hallpike maneuver to confirm diagnosis. No imaging typically required unless atypical features are present.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for benign positional paroxysmal vertigo?
Canalith repositioning maneuvers (e.g., Epley maneuver). Educate on avoiding positions that trigger symptoms. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises.
What are the pharmacological management options for benign positional paroxysmal vertigo?
No specific pharmacological treatment for BPPV. Antiemetics or vestibular suppressants (e.g., meclizine) for symptom relief if needed.
What are the red flags to look for in benign positional paroxysmal vertigo patients?
Severe or persistent vertigo not typical of BPPV. Neurological symptoms: weakness, numbness, ataxia. Hearing loss or tinnitus.
When should a patient with benign positional paroxysmal vertigo be referred to a specialist?
Refractory BPPV not responding to repositioning maneuvers. Atypical presentation requiring further evaluation. Need for specialized vestibular testing or treatment.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to benign positional paroxysmal vertigo?
Displacement of otoliths from the utricle into the semicircular canals. Leads to inappropriate activation of the vestibular system with head movements. Causes transient episodes of vertigo.
