Conjunctivitis

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with conjunctivitis?

Answer 1

Redness, itching, discharge in one or both eyes. History of recent upper respiratory infection, allergy, or contact with an infected individual.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in conjunctivitis?

Answer 2

Diffuse redness of the conjunctiva. Watery or purulent discharge. Absence of significant pain or vision changes.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing conjunctivitis?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Swab for bacterial culture if bacterial conjunctivitis is suspected or if symptoms persist.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for conjunctivitis?

Answer 4

Good hand hygiene to prevent spread. Avoidance of contact lenses during infection. Cool compresses to reduce discomfort.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for conjunctivitis?

Answer 5

Topical antibiotics for bacterial conjunctivitis (e.g., erythromycin, polymyxin-trimethoprim). Antihistamine or mast cell stabilizer drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Artificial tears for viral conjunctivitis.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in conjunctivitis patients?

Answer 6

Severe pain or vision changes. Photophobia. Persistent symptoms despite treatment. Contact lens wearers with conjunctivitis.

Question 7

When should a patient with conjunctivitis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Refractory or severe cases. Suspected herpes simplex virus conjunctivitis. Complications such as keratitis. Need for further diagnostic testing.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the conjunctiva due to infection (bacterial, viral), allergy, or irritants. Leads to redness, discharge, and discomfort.