Belpharitis

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with blepharitis?

Answer 1

Chronic irritation and redness of the eyelids. Crusting and flaking at the base of the eyelashes. History of recurrent eye infections or dry eyes.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in blepharitis?

Answer 2

Red, swollen eyelid margins. Crusting and flaking at the lash line. Possible loss of eyelashes (madarosis).

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing blepharitis?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Slit-lamp examination to assess eyelid margins. Swab for microbiological culture if infection is suspected.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for blepharitis?

Answer 4

Good eyelid hygiene: warm compresses, lid scrubs with diluted baby shampoo. Avoidance of eye makeup during flare-ups. Artificial tears for associated dry eyes.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for blepharitis?

Answer 5

Topical antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, bacitracin) for bacterial infection. Topical steroids for inflammation. Oral antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline) for severe or refractory cases.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in blepharitis patients?

Answer 6

Severe pain or vision changes. Persistent or worsening symptoms despite treatment. Signs of infection spreading beyond the eyelid.

Question 7

When should a patient with blepharitis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Refractory blepharitis not responding to treatment. Severe or atypical presentation. Need for specialized diagnostic testing or therapeutic interventions.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to blepharitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the eyelid margins due to bacterial infection, seborrheic dermatitis, or dysfunction of the meibomian glands. Leads to chronic irritation and discomfort.