Labyrinthitis

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with labyrinthitis?

Answer 1

Acute onset of vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. History of recent upper respiratory infection or otitis media. Symptoms may include nausea and vomiting.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in labyrinthitis?

Answer 2

Spontaneous nystagmus. Positive head thrust test. Normal neurological exam except for vestibular findings. Hearing loss may be present.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing labyrinthitis?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Audiometry to assess hearing loss. MRI to rule out central causes of vertigo if atypical features are present.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for labyrinthitis?

Answer 4

Rest and hydration. Avoidance of sudden head movements. Educate on the typically self-limiting nature of the condition.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for labyrinthitis?

Answer 5

Antiemetics (e.g., meclizine) for symptom relief. Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Antiviral or antibiotic treatment if infection is suspected.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in labyrinthitis patients?

Answer 6

Severe or persistent vertigo not typical of labyrinthitis. Neurological symptoms: weakness, numbness, ataxia. Sudden, severe hearing loss.

Question 7

When should a patient with labyrinthitis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Refractory or severe labyrinthitis not responding to initial treatment. Need for vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Complex or atypical presentation requiring further evaluation.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to labyrinthitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the inner ear labyrinth. Can be caused by viral or bacterial infections. Leads to vertigo, hearing loss, and imbalance.