Pharyngitis

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with pharyngitis?

Answer 1

Sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and possible fever. History of recent upper respiratory infection or exposure to infected individuals. Possible cough and runny nose.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in pharyngitis?

Answer 2

Erythematous pharynx, swollen tonsils, and possible exudate. Tender cervical lymphadenopathy. Absence of cough suggests bacterial etiology.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing pharyngitis?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Rapid strep test and throat culture to identify streptococcal infection. Consider monospot test if infectious mononucleosis is suspected.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for pharyngitis?

Answer 4

Adequate hydration and rest. Warm saline gargles. Avoidance of irritants such as smoke.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for pharyngitis?

Answer 5

Antibiotics for bacterial pharyngitis (e.g., penicillin or amoxicillin). Analgesics and antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen) for symptom relief. Throat lozenges or sprays.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in pharyngitis patients?

Answer 6

Difficulty breathing, drooling, or severe pain. Signs of peritonsillar abscess: trismus, muffled voice, uvular deviation. Persistent or recurrent infections despite treatment.

Question 7

When should a patient with pharyngitis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Refractory or severe pharyngitis not responding to medical treatment. Suspected peritonsillar abscess or complications. Need for specialized diagnostic evaluation.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to pharyngitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the pharynx due to viral or bacterial infection. Leads to sore throat, swelling, and difficulty swallowing.