Cataracts Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with cataracts?
Gradual, painless loss of vision. Increased glare and difficulty seeing at night. History of aging, diabetes, or prolonged corticosteroid use.
What are the key physical examination findings in cataracts?
Clouding of the lens visible with ophthalmoscopy. Decreased visual acuity. Normal pupillary response and absence of redness or pain.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing cataracts?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Slit-lamp examination to assess lens opacities. Visual acuity testing.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for cataracts?
Regular eye exams to monitor progression. Use of magnifying lenses and brighter lighting. Educate on the importance of UV protection.
What are the pharmacological management options for cataracts?
No direct pharmacological treatment for cataracts. Management is primarily surgical once vision impairment becomes significant.
What are the red flags to look for in cataracts patients?
Rapid progression of vision loss. Severe impact on daily activities and quality of life. Signs of other eye conditions: glaucoma, macular degeneration.
When should a patient with cataracts be referred to a specialist?
Significant vision impairment affecting daily life. Consideration for cataract surgery. Need for evaluation of other ocular comorbidities.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to cataracts?
Opacification of the lens due to protein aggregation and lens fiber changes. Commonly related to aging, diabetes, and UV exposure. Leads to progressive vision loss.
