Stomatitis Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with stomatitis?
Painful sores or ulcers in the mouth. History of recent viral infection, trauma, or use of certain medications. Possible difficulty eating or drinking.
What are the key physical examination findings in stomatitis?
Erythematous, swollen oral mucosa. Presence of ulcers or vesicles. Possible white patches (thrush) if fungal infection is present.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing stomatitis?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Swab for viral, bacterial, or fungal cultures if infection is suspected. Blood tests if systemic involvement is suspected.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for stomatitis?
Good oral hygiene: regular brushing and rinsing with mild saltwater. Avoidance of spicy, acidic, or rough foods. Use of soft toothbrush and gentle oral care products.
What are the pharmacological management options for stomatitis?
Topical anesthetics (e.g., benzocaine) for pain relief. Antiviral medications for viral infections (e.g., acyclovir for herpes). Antifungal treatments for oral thrush (e.g., nystatin).
What are the red flags to look for in stomatitis patients?
Severe pain or inability to eat or drink. Signs of systemic infection: fever, malaise. Persistent or recurrent ulcers despite treatment.
When should a patient with stomatitis be referred to a specialist?
Refractory or severe stomatitis not responding to initial treatment. Suspected underlying systemic condition (e.g., autoimmune disease). Need for specialized diagnostic evaluation.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to stomatitis?
Inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa due to various causes (viral, bacterial, fungal, trauma, medications). Leads to pain and difficulty with oral intake.
