Gingivitis Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with gingivitis?
Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing. Swollen, red, or tender gums. History of poor oral hygiene or smoking.
What are the key physical examination findings in gingivitis?
Swollen, erythematous gums. Bleeding on probing. Presence of dental plaque and calculus.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing gingivitis?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Dental X-rays to assess for underlying periodontal disease if needed.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for gingivitis?
Improved oral hygiene: regular brushing and flossing. Professional dental cleanings. Smoking cessation.
What are the pharmacological management options for gingivitis?
Antimicrobial mouth rinses (e.g., chlorhexidine). Topical antibiotics for localized infection. Pain relievers if discomfort is significant.
What are the red flags to look for in gingivitis patients?
Severe swelling or pain not relieved by standard treatments. Signs of systemic infection: fever, malaise. Rapid progression to periodontitis.
When should a patient with gingivitis be referred to a specialist?
Refractory or severe gingivitis not responding to initial treatment. Suspected periodontal disease requiring advanced care. Need for specialized dental evaluation.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to gingivitis?
Inflammation of the gingiva due to accumulation of dental plaque. Can progress to periodontitis if untreated. Leads to gum bleeding, swelling, and discomfort.
