Sinusitis

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with sinusitis?

Answer 1

Facial pain or pressure, nasal congestion, and purulent nasal discharge. History of recent upper respiratory infection. Symptoms lasting more than 10 days or worsening after initial improvement.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in sinusitis?

Answer 2

Tenderness over the affected sinuses. Purulent nasal discharge. Swollen and erythematous nasal mucosa.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing sinusitis?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. CT scan of the sinuses if symptoms are severe, persistent, or recurrent.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for sinusitis?

Answer 4

Saline nasal irrigation. Steam inhalation. Adequate hydration and rest.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for sinusitis?

Answer 5

Intranasal corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone). Antibiotics for bacterial sinusitis (e.g., amoxicillin-clavulanate). Decongestants and analgesics for symptom relief.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in sinusitis patients?

Answer 6

Severe headache, high fever, or visual changes. Symptoms persisting despite treatment. Signs of orbital or intracranial complications.

Question 7

When should a patient with sinusitis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Refractory or recurrent sinusitis not responding to medical treatment. Suspected anatomical abnormalities or complications. Need for advanced diagnostic evaluation or surgical intervention.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to sinusitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses due to infection (viral, bacterial, or fungal). Leads to sinus congestion, pain, and discharge.