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NABARD Agri > Tillage & Irrigation > Flashcards

Tillage & Irrigation Flashcards

1
Q

A raised ridge left that the centre of the strip of land when ploughing is started from centre to side

A

Back Furrow

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2
Q

An open trench left in between 2 adjacent strips of land after ploughing is finished when done from outside to inside

A

Dead Furrow

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3
Q

When plough works round a strip on ploughed land, it is said to be?

A

Gathering

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4
Q

When plough works round a strip of unploughed land, it is called?

A

Casting

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5
Q

A mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favourable conditions for crop production

A

Tillage

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6
Q

True point of hitch of a tractor

A

Centre of Power

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7
Q
  1. Aeration
  2. Enhanced Fertility & Water Evaporation
  3. Destruction of Weed, Insect & Pest
  4. Soil Conservation
    Which of the above are advantages of Tillage?
A

1, 3 & 4
2 -> Enhance Fertility and Water Retention

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8
Q

Classification of Tillage based on purpose

A

Primary & Secondary

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9
Q

Classification of Tillage based on moisture conservation

A

Conservation methods:
- Minimum Tillage, Zero Tillage, Mulch Tillage.
Traditional Method : P+S

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10
Q

Which one of the following is an example of Conservation Tillage?
1. Minimum Tillage
2. Traditional Tillage
3. Zero Tillage
4. Mulch Tillage

A

1, 3 & 4

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11
Q

Operation to reduce soil strength, cover plant material and rearrange aggregates to break down soil into finer tilth

A

Primary Tillage

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12
Q

Tillage done after seeding or planting the crop in a sterile soil, either at the pre-emergence stage of the crop or while in the early stages of growth so that crops (like sugarcane, potato) do not get damaged, but extra plants and broad leaved weeds are uprooted.

A

Blind Tillage

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13
Q

Tillage performed to get proper finer tilth for seedling planting

A

Secondary Tillage

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14
Q

Implements being used for Secondary Tillage?

A

Harrow, Cultivators, Levellers, Clod Crushers, etc.

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15
Q

Modern method of Tillage is aka?

A

Conservation Tillage

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16
Q

Reducing Tillage to the minimum necessary for ensuring good seedbed, rapid germination, satisfactory stand and favourable growing conditions, is known as?

A

Minimum Tillage

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17
Q

How is tillage reduced in minimum Tillage?

A
  • By omitting operations with low cost-to-benefit ratio
  • combining agricultural operations like seeding and fertilizer application
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18
Q

Which of the following is a type of minimum Tillage?
1. Row zone tillage
2. Plough plant tillage
3. Wheel track planting
4. Zero tillage

A

1, 2 and 3

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19
Q

Type of minimum Tillage where ploughing is restricted to only the row zones

A

Row zone tillage
Secondary Tillage operations like disking and harrowing are reduced

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20
Q

A type of minimum Tillage where after the soil is ploughed a special planter is used and in one run over the field, the row zone is pulverized and the seeds are sown.

A

Plough-plant Tillage

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21
Q

A type of minimum Tillage where after ploughing, a tractor is used for sowing and the wheels of the tractor pulverize the row zone

A

Wheel track planting

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22
Q

Extreme form of which type of Tillage is called Zero Tillage? It is also known as?

A

Minimum Tillage
No Tillage

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23
Q

Which of the following is correct for zero tillage?
1. Primary tillage is completely avoided and Secondary Tillage is restricted to seedbed prep in row zone
2. Primary tillage is restricted to seedbed prep in row zone and Secondary Tillage is completely avoided
3. Both Primary and Secondary Tillage is completely avoided

A

1 -> Primary tillage is completely avoided and Secondary Tillage is restricted to seedbed prep in row zone

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24
Q

Till planting is a method of performing which type of Tillage?

A

Zero tillage

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25
Q

Disadvantage of zero tillage?

A

Extension of herbicide application

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26
Q

Stubble Mulch Tillage is an example of what kind of tillage?

A

Modern/Conservation or Scientific Tillage

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27
Q

Stubble or residue after harvest is incorporated _____cm into the soil, to hasten decomposition, reduce soil water evaporation

A

12-15 cm

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28
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of Secondary Tillage implements?
1. Harrow
2. Cultivators
3. Power tillers
4. Clod crushers
5. Levellers

A

3

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29
Q

Which secondary tillage implement is used for de-weeding?

A

Harrows

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30
Q

Scattering of seeds on the seedbed manually and mechanically, usually has a higher seed rate.

A

Broadcasting

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31
Q

Creating holes of fixed depth and spacing in the soil and placing the seeds in them one by one

A

Dibbling

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32
Q

Dropping seeds in furrow lines in continuous flow and covering them in soil through seed drills done very quickly

A

Drilling

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33
Q

Commonly used method of sowing in villages where seeds are dropped manually in the furrow behind the plough, done through the malobansa device

A

Seed Dropping Behind the Plough

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34
Q

Device used in:
1. Seed Dropping Behind the Plough
2. Dibbling

A
  1. Malobansa device
  2. Dibbler
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35
Q

Seed Dropping Behind Plough is common for which plants?

A

Maize, gram, peas, wheat, barley (Rabi)

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36
Q

A sowing method that aims to develop the adaptive capabilities of the plant and harden the plant

A

Transplanting

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37
Q

Production of what in agriculture consumes the highest water?

A

Meat
Largest exporter - 10x higher water consumption than rice

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38
Q

What are the 2 types of water resources?

A

Surface
Sub-surface

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39
Q

Atal Bhujal Yojana was launched in which year?

A

2018

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40
Q

Groundwater Resource Assessment in the country is periodically done by?

A

Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)

41
Q

Total Groundwater Recharge of the country

A

437.6 billion cubic meters (BCM)

42
Q

Annual precipitation according to CGWB?

A

4000 bcm

43
Q

Estimated Utilizable Water Usage by CGWB is? it is the sum of? - imp

A

1123 bcm
Surface: 690 km3
GW: 433 km3

44
Q

As per UNDP, when can a region be called a water scarce region?

A

Availability of water is <1000m3

45
Q

Contribution of rainfall to country’s annual ground water resource

A

68%

46
Q

Management of water based on soil and crop environment to obtain better yield by efficient use of water without any damage to the environment

A

Irrigation Management

47
Q

What constitutes Irrigation Agronomy?

A

4 points:
- Soil & its physical & chemical properties
- Biology of crop plants
- Quantity of water available
- Time of Application of Water

48
Q

Amount of water required to increase productivity of crop and yield produced per unit of water used

A

Irrigation Water Potential (IWP)

49
Q

What is irrigation

A

Artificial application of water to soil or agricultural field to supplement or replace rainwater

50
Q

As per Economic Survey 2018, Share of current water used by agriculture?

A

80%

51
Q

According to the Economic Survey 2018, Share of irrigated area in agricultural land in India is?

A

about 49%
of the 140 million ha agri land

52
Q

What are the 2 types of irrigation?

A

Traditional:
- Surface
- Sub-Surface
Modern:
- Drip
- Sprinkler

53
Q

Complete Flooding and Partial Flooding is what kind of irrigation?

A

Traditional Surface Irrigation

54
Q

Sub-surface, aka seepage irrigation, is what kind of irrigation?

A

Surface Traditional

55
Q

A type of irrigation that is useful in commercial or greenhouse purposes to go 30-70cm below the ground

A

Traditional sub-surface Irrigation

56
Q

Wild irrigation, border areas, check or basin are what type of irrigation?

A

Complete Flooding type under Surface Irrigation

57
Q

Furrow Irrigation, Basin or Ring, Surge Irrigation are what type of irrigation?

A

Partial Flooding Type, under Surface Irrigation

58
Q

Drip irrigation + Sprinkler irrigation together are known as?

A

Micro Irrigation - under Modern irrigation

59
Q

As per Ministry of Agriculture, Which state has maximum area in overall micro irrigation?

A

Rajasthan

60
Q

As per Ministry of Agriculture, Which state has maximum area in drip irrigation?

A

Andhra Pradesh

61
Q

As per Ministry of Agriculture, Which state has maximum area in Sprinkler irrigation?

A

Rajasthan

62
Q

According to PMKSY (2015), Which state has highest area under Sprinkler Irrigation?

A

Karnataka

63
Q

According to PMKSY (2015), Which state has highest area under Drip Irrigation?

A

Andhra Pradesh

64
Q

According to PMKSY (2015), Which state has highest area under Micro Irrigation?

A

Karnataka
Followed by TN

65
Q

Drip Irrigation is aka? It was developed by?

A

Trickle irrigation
Israeli Simcha Blass and Yeshayahu

66
Q

Efficiency of Drip Irrigation?

A

Can reach upto 95%

67
Q

Discharge rate of Plastic Emitters in Drip Irrigation?

A

2-10 L/hr

68
Q

A type of irrigation that has an important role in increasing Irrigated Water Productivity (IWP) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE)

A

Drip Irrigation

69
Q

Financial Assistance under Per Drop More Crop (2015) for installation of Drip & Sprinkler System is?

A

55% - Small & Marginal Farmers
45% - Other Farmers

70
Q

Bubbler irrigation is aka

A

Sprinkler or overhead

71
Q

Irrigation suitable for undulating lands

A

Overhead or sprinkler irrigation

72
Q

Efficiency of sprnkler irrigation

A

16-70%

73
Q

Yield produced per unit of irrigation, is known as?

A

Irrigation Water Potential (IWP)

74
Q

Amount of carbon assimilated as biomass or grain produced per unit of water

A

Water Use Efficiency

75
Q

Unit of Water Use Efficiency

A

kg ha-1 mm-1

76
Q

Plants with high Water Use Efficiency?

A

Ragi
Wheat

77
Q

Water flows from ditch to field directly, without much control - unguided

A

Wild Flooding

78
Q

Type of irrigation suitable for soils having moderately low or moderately high infiltration rates and close growing crops

A

Border Flooding

Wheat, barley, fodder, legumes - close growing crops

79
Q

Border flooding is not suitable for what kind of soils?

A

Coarse Sandy - heavy infiltration rate
Heavy/clayey soils - low infiltration rates

80
Q

Most common method of traditional irrigation?

A

Check basin irrigation

81
Q

Size of check basin irrigation is?

A

10m2 - 25m2

depending on soil type

82
Q

When is check basin irrigation required?

A

When soil required leaching - has excessive salts

83
Q

Disadvantage of check-basin irrigation?

A
  • Not Suitable for Crops Sensitive to Wet Soil
  • Higher Labour Requirement
84
Q

A type of traditional irrigation that has furrows between 2 rows of crops?

A

Furrow irrigation

85
Q

Basin and ring irrigation are suitable for?

A

Orchards and Plantations
Basins: Smalled trees
Ring: Larger trees

86
Q

On & off irrigation is aka?

A

Surge irrigation

87
Q

Efficiency of surge irrigation?

A

85-90%

88
Q

Which type of irrigation has reduced net irrigation water requirement?

A

Surge Irrigation

89
Q

Central Ground Water Board has been set up under which act?

A

Section 3, Environmental Act 1986

90
Q

Sahi Fasal Yojana is by?

A

Jal Shakti Ministry

91
Q

Fertilizer + irrigation =?
It’s pH is?

A

Fertigation
5.8-7.8

92
Q

How is fertigation useful?

A
  1. Controlling alikalinity of irrigation water through drip irrigation
  2. Helps in weed control
  3. Increased availability of nutrients
  4. Reduction in leaching
93
Q

What kind of fertilizers cannot be used for fertigation?

A

Rock Phosphate & phosphatic fertilizers

94
Q

Pesticides + irrigation =?

A

Chemigation

95
Q

EC and pH of water unsuitable for irrigation?

A

EC: >6
pH: >10

96
Q

EC and pH of water excellent for irrigation?

A

EC: 0.5
pH: 6.5-7.5

97
Q

EC and pH of water Good for irrigation?

A

EC: 0.5-1.5
pH: 7.5-8

98
Q

Which crop can tolerate waterlogging conditions better than other cereals, except rice?

A

Sorghum

99
Q

Striga weeds is most predominant in fields growing?

A

Sorghum

NABARD Agri (19 decks)

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