Intro to Agri 3 Flashcards
Inclusion of more and varied crops in the cropping system, using multiple cropping techniques, rather than concentrating on repetition of few crops. To promore sustainable agricultural practices.
Horizontal Crop Diversification
Development of allied sectors and shift of burden from cultivation to allied activities. E.g.: animal husbandry, horticulture, floriculture, food and fruit processing, etc.
Vertical crop diversification
Acc to NBSS-LUP there are 20 AEZ based on growing period, divided into how many sub-zones?
60 sub-zones
Top wheat producer in the world
China
Adsali & eksali are related to which crop?
Sugarcane
Edible Oil obtained from a shrub?
Olive
Acc to survey conducted in April 2022, most Indian households use what kind of oil? What is their share?
25% households use Sunflower Oil
2% use palm oil
Type of frost due to incursion of large masses of cold air over a region from colder areas
Adjacent Frost
Which state tops in lac production in India?
Jharkhand
Where Indian Institute of Natural Resins & Gums or Indian Lac Research Institute
Which state tops in silk production in India?
Karnataka
Where Central Silk Board is located
Formula for Plant Population?
Area / Spacing
1 acre = 4046 m2
Which schemes promotes millets?
NFSM
RKVY - Raftar
PLIFPI
ODOP
Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT) is located in?
Cochin, Kerala
Farming Method which includes the minimising of ploughing of land. Keeps CO2 in the soil, improves water absorbency, leaves vital fungal communities in the earth undisturbed
Regenerative Agriculture
A philosophy of working with instead of against nature, looking at plants and animals in all their functions rather than treating any area of a single product system
Permaculture
NE monsoon is predominantly seen in which states?
TN and Coastal Andhra
SW monsoon is predominantly seen in
Kerala and Coastal Maharashta
A short duration crop raised in widely spaced crop for getting additional income from the same piece of land, is called?
Intercropping
Growing of 2 or more crops which have different growth habits and which have 0 competition between each other - both express their full yield potential
Parallel Cropping
The effects - stimulatory and inhibitory - of a plant, on the development of neighbouring plants through the release of secondary compounds?
Allelopathy
Green leaves collected from available sources and incorporated into soil for better soil. Examples?
Ex-situ Manure Crop
Glyrcidia, Pongamia, Neem, Cassia, Ipomea
Isabgol, a laxative common in households. Which part of it is used and what is its scientific name?
Husk
Plantago ovata
kewra water is an extract distilled from?
Pandanus flower
ICAR-IIFSR, Indian Institute of Farming System Research is located in?
Modipuram, UP
The branch of agriculture that deals with the origin, structure, analysys and classification of soils especially in their relation to crop production.
Agrology
Removing trees and undergrowth and breaking up the ground to make it suitable for crop production
Assarting
Contribution of non-tree oil in NEOP?
70% contribution toward national edible oil production
How many plants are C3 plants?
85%
How many plants are C4 plants?
3%
How many plants are CAM plants?
8%
It is the concept of processing and adding value to basic agricultural commodities, including all food and non food bio resource based products for human and industrial use like assembling, ripening, cleaning, etc at local level.
Secondary Agriculture
A conservative and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems
Regenerative Agriculture
What is a green manure crop that is also a fibre crop
Sunhemp
Scientific name of chickpea or bengal gram
Cicer aeritinum
Calvin cycle crops are related to what formation
Glucose (sugar) formation from CO2
The C3 pathway requires ____ molecules of ATP for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose and the C4 cycle requires ____ molecules of ATP for one molecule of glucose
C3: 18 molecules
C4: 30 molecules
Pathway used in C3 and C4 cycle for dark reaction of photosynthesis?
C3: Calvin Cycle
C4: Hatch-Slack Pathway
Which edible oil has the highest amount of Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid?
Safflower - good for heart patients
Why are potato, chilli & sugarcane known as Commercial crops?
> 75% used for trade
Cowpea, Horsegram, Lucerne/Alfa alfa, Cluster bean, Berseem, Rice bean, Lupins are known as?
Legume Fodder
Which fodder crop is annual? What is its scientific name?
Berseem
Trifolium alexandrium
Crops grown and incorporated into the same soil it is grown to improve soil productivity. Examples?
In-situ Manure Crop
Berseem, Maize, Jowar, Barley, Oats, Sunhemp, Gram, Indigo
In this ACZ, canal, tube wells and wells are the main source of irrigation. It is an intensive agricultural region where wheat, rice, sugarcane, millets, maize, gram, barley, oilseeds, cotton, etc. are grown as main crops. Area is known for its Diara areas.
Upper Gangetic Plain
The practice of integrating edible plants into ornamental landscapes, cultivating them not only for the food they produce but also for their aesthetic quality
Foodscaping
_____ is an attempt to best use land so that generations in the future can continue to make use of the land in productive manners, allowing for personal subsistence.
Permaculture
Permaculture has 3 ethics, namely?
- Care for the earth
- Care for people
- Fair share1
Cultivation of silk producing plants is known as?
Moriculture
Who defined Secondary Agriculture in India?
It is defined a production activity and strategy which includes sustainability, _____, straightening of extension services and recognising agriculture as an enterprise
Ashok Dalwai
Monetising farmer produce
Type of inflorescence and fruit (grain) in paddy?
Inflorescence: Panicle
Fruit (grain): Caryopsis
Crops whose culture practices allow the infestation of weeds intensively
Fouling Crop
Eg: Paddy (Direct Seeded)
Which millet has the highest calcium? Which has the highest iron?
Ca = finger millet
Fe = Fonio
Which millet includes gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and Beta glucan, used as antioxidants and in reducing blood lipid levels
Barnyard Millet
Paraquat and Diquat are examples of what herbicide?
Contact herbicide
Herbicide that moves throughout the plant is? Example?
Systemic / Translocated
Glyphosate
Chlorophyll pigments absorb ____ & ___ light most effectively for photosynthesis
Blue & red light
_____ wavelengths of light are not absorbed for photosynthesis because they are filtered by the ozone layer
Shorter
Bacillus megaterium, a large bacteria, are ____ fertilisers?
Phosphorus solubilizing
Soybean is predominantly cultivated in which ACZ?
Central Plateau and Hills
Parts of MP, Rajasthan and UP are a part of which ACZ?
Central Plateau and Hills Zone
Predominantly dryland farmland is a characteristic of which ACZ?
Southern Plateau and Hills Zone
Dhoks & Margs are found in which ACZ
Western Himalaya
Areas of Pir Pinjal Range known for their meadow ecology
Growing short-duration crops in between newly established perennial crops for a few yrs to fill the space and utilise the resources is called?
Filler cropping
Instrument used to measure soil moisture tension?
Tensiometer
Maize, tomato & cotton are examples of long / short or day-neutral plant?
Day neutral
Central institute of Subtropical Horticulture is located in?
Lucknow
Study & production of mulberry to obtain feed for silkworm?
Moriculture
Green Revolution was introduced during the ___ number 5-Yr Plan and the NFSM during ____ 5-Yr Plan
3rd
11th
Food security mission was launched on ____ by the National Development Council
NFSM
2007
Included rice (10 mn in production), wheat (8 mn) & pulses (2 mn)
____ is the largest producer, importer and consumer of pulses in the world
India
Acc to 1st Adv estimate top 5 producer of pulses are?
- Raj
- Maha
- Karnataka
- MP
- Jharkhand
Pink Revolution includes?
While SIlver Revolution Includes?
Pink = Meat & Onion
Silver = Eggs
Strip cropping reduced soil erosion by alternating strips of ____ & ____ crops
Erosion-permitting and erosion resisting crops
____ involves the release of biochemicals by plants that can influence the growth and development of neighbouring plants
Allelopathy
Certain cover crops like ____ release allelochemicals that suppress weed germincation and growth
Rye
Secale cereale
Who 1st proposed the concept of AEZs?
UN-FAO and IIASA
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
__ plants like sugarcane & maize are more water-efficient than __ plants
C4 plants - Sugarcane, Maize
C3 plants - Rice, Wheat
___ plants are less efficient in hot and dry climates compared to C4 plants
C3 plants
Rice variety aka “Buddha Rice”?
Kala Namak
Cultivated since Buddhist period (600 BC)
Dr. ____ & ____ are associated with dev. of high quality protein maize (QPM)
Dr. Surinder K Vasal & Dr. Evangelina Villegas
Worked at International Maze & Wheat Improvement Centre - Mexico
What is the oldest indigenous oilseed crop? what is its oil %?
Sesame
50% oil
Sesame or til is aka?
Gingelli
Sesamum indicum L.
Which countries are the top producer of sesame? which state is?
India - China
Gujarat
Sesame belongs to which family and is grown in which season?
Pedaliaceae
Kharif Crop
King of coarse cereals?
Sorghum
aka camel plant
cow pea seeds are aka
Vigna unguiculata
Lobia
Thattapayaru
Borboti
Taken into orbit and sprouted by an ISRO mission
Cowpea is sown in what season?
Summer
Zaid
Top 3 largest producers of Cowpea
UP
Raj
MP
Which experiment of ISRO led to the sprouting of cowpea in 4 days?
CROPS experiment on POEM-4
1st GMC is?
Genetically Modified Crop
Tobacco
1982
1st Genetically Altered Crop?
Tomato
1992
1st plant patent was granted to?
Henry F Bosenberg
1930
Release of 1st cotton hybrid was in year?
1975
Release of 1st Rice hybrid was?
1993
Green revolution 1st happened in year?
1940s
Example of soil applied herbicide?
Fluchloralin
Triticale is a hybrid of?
Wheat and rye
Golden rice, rich in Vitamin A is by?
Ingo Potrykus
Yuan Long Ping is credited to inventing?
Hybrid Rice
Super rice was by?
GH Khush
Leaf Area Index is primarily measured by?
Ceptometer
Allows researchers carbon sequestration, WUE
