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NABARD Agri > DLA & Seed Science > Flashcards

DLA & Seed Science Flashcards

1
Q

Max area of India that can be irrigated

A

60%

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2
Q

Why is paddy sugarcane wheat not fit for DLA?

A

They are water intensive crops

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3
Q

Global terresterial area under DLA?

A

41.3% approx

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4
Q

Jackfruit, ber, pulses, millets are examples of crops in what kind of agriculture?

A

DLA

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5
Q

Annual rainfall in Dry Farming vs Dry Land Farming:

A

Dry <750mm
Dryland 750-1150 mm

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6
Q

Annual rainfall in Rainfed farming?

A

1150+ mm

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7
Q

Red Fed Farming refers to? It is practiced in?

A

Usage of red fescue grasses
To provide grazing for livestock.
In areas with little rainfall & poor soils

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8
Q

Areas with low soil moisture, high evapotranspiration that results in water deficits throughout the year

A

DLA

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9
Q

Primary goal of DLA?

A

Minimise water evaporation from soil

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10
Q

Problems of DLA

A

Low soil moisture retention capacity
Poor groundwater
Low yield
Inadequate available nutrients in soil

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11
Q

Advantage of aerobic rice cultivation

A

Saves irrigation water
Cost effective

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12
Q

Disadvantages of Aerobic Rice Cultivation?

A

Problem of weeds

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13
Q

Seed rate of aerobic rice

A

50 kg/ha

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14
Q

Harvest of aerobic rice is after how many days?

A

120-160 days

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15
Q

National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) is located in?

A

Delhi

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16
Q

ICAR-CRIDA Central Research Institute of DLA is located in?

A

Hyderabad

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17
Q

International Water Management Agency (IWMA) is located in?

A

Colombo, Sri Lanka

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18
Q

Centre of Excellence on DLA - CEDA, is located in?

A

China

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19
Q

Central Arid Zone Research Institute - ICAR-CAZRI is located in?

A

Jodhpur

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20
Q

Contribution of rainfed ariculture in India’s GDP?

A

60%

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21
Q

Farmers in irrigated areas earn ___% of their income from agriculture and those in rainfed areas earn only ____% from agriculture.

A

60%
20-30%

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22
Q

Share of farmers that rely on rainfed agriculture?

A

61%

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23
Q

Share of millet production and rice production in India?

A

Millet 89%
Rice 40%

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24
Q

Share of production of pulses in India?

A

88%

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25
Q

Workshop on “Promotion of Climate Resilient Crops/Varieties/Seeds (Climate Resilient/Climate Agriculture)” was hosted by who and where?

A

by NABARD
at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad

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26
Q

Direct seeding of rice under dry cultivation is called?

A

Aerobic Rice Cultivation

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27
Q

Why is it called “aerobic” rice cultivation?

A

Soil contains oxygen throughout
unlike in flooded conditions

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28
Q

Techniques to increase soil moisture in DLA?

A

Conservation tillage and
Moisture retaining mulching

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29
Q

A ripe, fertilised ovule containing plant embryo, enclosed in a seed coat

A

Seed

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30
Q

Basic input of agriculture?

A

Seed

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31
Q

Transfer of pollens from anther to stigma of a flower or different flowers

A

Pollination

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32
Q

Autogamy is? Examples are?

A

Self Pollination
Rice, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Pea, Lentils, Chillies

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33
Q

Types of Autogamy?

A

A->BCH
Bisexual - male and female in same flower
Cleistogamy - in unopened flower
Homogamy - Same time of maturation of anther & stigma

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34
Q

Allogamy is aka? examples are?

A

Cross Pollination
Corn, Rye, Sunflower, Safflower, watermelon, sugarcane, tea

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35
Q

Example of often cross pollinated plants

A

CS-PT
Cotton, Sorghum, Pigeon Pea, Tobacco

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36
Q

Separate male & female flowers in 1 plant

A

Monoecy
(ecy = home = 1 home)

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37
Q

Male & Female Flowers in different plants

A

Dioecy

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38
Q

Style and filaments are of different lengths

A

Heterostyly

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39
Q

Barrier between male & female organs

A

Herkogamy

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40
Q

Same flower transfers, even if it happens, won’t fertilise

A

Self-incompatibility

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41
Q

Flower opens early to permit transfer of pollen grains to other flowers

A

Chasmogamy
(oppositie of Cleistogamy)

42
Q

Isolation distance in self-pollinated crops

A

Less than 3m

43
Q

Isolation Distance is less than 3m for which crops?

A

Rice, wheat, oats, barley, peas
Self-Pollinated Crops

44
Q

International Seed Testing Agency (ISTA) is in? and was launched in?

A

Norway
1924

45
Q

National Seed Corporation of India, is located in and was launched in?

A

Delhi
1963

46
Q

Seed Act of India was held in?

A

1966

47
Q

Seed Rules by ISTA was made in?

A

1968

48
Q

New Liberalised Seed Policy of India was made in?

A

1988

49
Q

National Seed Policy was made in?

A

2002

50
Q

International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is located in?

A

Hyderabad
Focussed on chickpea, sorghum, groundnut, pearl millet, finger millet, pigeon pea

51
Q

Classes of Seeds

A

NBFC-T
Nuclear
Breeder
Foundation
Certified
Truthfully Labelled

52
Q

Who dominated the seed industry in the 1st 25 years till 1988, after independence?

A

the public sector

53
Q

Initiative that led to the liberalisation of the seed sector in agriculture

A

Green Revolution 1965
National Seed Project 2002
New Policy on Seed Development

54
Q

According to a research paper by ICAR (Manjunath et al) share of turnover by private sector in seed business is?

A

80%

55
Q

According to a research paper by ICAR (Manjunath et al) seed production has ___ in a decade from 2001-11 with robust CAGR of ___

A

tripled
Compound Growth Rate - CAGR - of 15% pa

56
Q

According to a research paper by ICAR (Manjunath et al) India’s share in Global Seed Export is ___

A

<2%

57
Q

A legally sanctioned system for quality control of seed multiplication and production

A

Seed Certification

58
Q

Purity of NBFC Seeds?

A

N - 100%
B - 100%
F - 99.5%
C - 99%

59
Q

How many generation of seeds are produced in India?

A

3
Breeder, Foundation, Certified

60
Q

Tag colour of each class of seed

A

N - No tag colour
B - Golden Yellow Tag
F - White Tag
C - Blue tag
T - Opal Green Tag

Registered Seed - Purple

61
Q

Wrt to seed certification, validity period shall be ____ months from date of test at the time of initial certification, which could be extended for ____ months, provided on retesting seeds conform to prescribed standards

A

9 months
6 months

62
Q

Crops more suiable for DLA?

A

Millets, Lentils, Sunflowers

63
Q

Example of Recalcitrant Seeds

A

Mango, Coconut

64
Q

Seeds that cannot be stored for long periods like orthodox seeds and lose their viability

A

Recalcitrant Seeds

65
Q

Seeds capacble of being dried to internal seed moisture of less than 12% and stored at freezing temperature

A

Orthodox Seeds

66
Q

Example of Orthodox Seeds

A

Cashew, Guava, Grains, Legumes, limes

67
Q

Optimum moisture content of Oilseeds?

A

7-9%

68
Q

Optimum moisture content of cereals?

A

10-12%

69
Q

Number of seeds to be produced from a single seed, when it is sown and harvested

A

Seed Multiplication Ratio

70
Q

Physiological dormancy is caused due to?

A

Arrest in metabolic activity of the seed

71
Q

Which plant has 100% seed replacement ratio?

A

BT Cotton
Cabbage

72
Q

Process of removing plant variety other than the one grown

A

Rouging

73
Q

Common cover crop in DLA to improve soil fertility, prevent weed growth, reduce soil moisture loss

A

Cowpea, Berseem, Mustard

74
Q

Number of seeds planted/ha to ensure normal density of crops and maximum yield

A

Seed Rate

75
Q

Important factors influencing lifespan of seed

A

Relative Humidity & Temperature

76
Q

A characteristic moisture content developed in seeds when subjected to given level of atmospheric humidity

A

Equilibrium Moisture Content

77
Q

A method that involves subjecting seeds to high temperature to break dormancy?

A

Heat Treatment

78
Q

Method that involves exposing seeds to alternate periods of warm and cold temperature to break dormancy

A

Stratification

79
Q

Method that involves weakening the seed coat by rubbing with sandpaper or using acid

A

Scarification

80
Q

What is considered during seed quality testing

A
  • Germination Rate
  • Seed Moisture
  • Seed Size
  • physical purity of seeds
81
Q

Seed Village Program was launched in?

A

2014-15

82
Q

Depth of ploughing related to?

A

Amount of rainfall

83
Q

A deep tillage of _____ is necessary for deep rooted crops like pigeon pea and moderate tillage of _____ is necessary for maize

A

Deep tillage: 25-39 cm
Moderate tillage: 15-20 cm

84
Q

Scientific name of Ragi or Finger Millet?

A

Eleusine corcana

85
Q

Scientific Name of Bajra or Pearl Millet

A

Pennisetum typhoides
Or
Pennisetum glaucum

86
Q

Scientific name of Foxtail or Navane

A

Setaria italica

87
Q

Scientific name of Red Gram or Pigeon Pea?

A

Cajanus cajan

88
Q

How many species of rice exist and how many are under cultivation?

A

24 species of Oryza
Only 2 are under cultivation

89
Q

What are the 2 species of rice under cultivation? and where are they grown?

A
  1. O. sativa - Most rice growing places
  2. O. glaberrima - South Africa
90
Q

Seed rate (kg/ha) for paddy by:
- broadcasting is?
- Drilling is?

A
  • 100-120 kg/ha
  • 70-90 kg/ha
91
Q

Inter-row spacing and intra-row spacing of paddy?

A

Inter-row spacing: 20cm
Intra-row spacing: 10-15 cm

92
Q

Seed rate of paddy for?
- Rainfed Lowlands
- Aerobic Rice Cultivation

A
  • Rainfed: 75-100 kg/ha
  • Aerobic rice: 5-6 kg/ha
93
Q

Milling % of paddy is?

A

50-70%

94
Q

Seed multiplication ratio of paddy?

A

1:80

95
Q

Gluten and Amylose content is associated with which cereals

A

Gluten: Wheat - gives it a spongy, stretchy quality
Amylose content: Rice - makes rice non-sticky on cooking

96
Q

Amylose content in rice is?

A

15-37%

97
Q

Seed rate for wheat in:
Broadcasting?
Seed Drills?
Dibbling?

A

Broadcasting: 150 kg/ha
Seed Drills: 100-125 kg/ha
Dibbling: 25-30 kg/ha

98
Q

Most critical stage for moisture stress is crown root initiation (20-25 days) and the flowering stage (80-85 days) for which plant?

A

Wheat

99
Q

Transition period between root and shoot development in wheat?

A

Crown Root Initiation Phase

100
Q

The stage where the milky fluid in wheat grain harden is called?

A

Dough Stage

NABARD Agri (20 decks)

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