Agro-meteorology Flashcards
Meteorology word derived from?
Greek word:
Meteoro + Logy =
Above the Earth’s Surface + study
Long term regime of atmospheric variables of a given place
Climate
Physical State of the atmosphere at a given place at a given time (relatively short-term)
Weather
What is the seat of photochemical reaction?
Stratosphere
In which layer of atmosphere are earth’s clouds present?
Trophosphere
The lowermost and topmost atmospheric layer of earth?
Trophosphere
Exosphere
What are the parameters or the external factors affecting crop production?
LAP-TV
Latitude, Altitude, Precipitation,
Topography, Vegetation,
Precipitation in arid and semi arid areas?
Arid: <500mm
Semi arid: 750-1000mm (max in India)
Precipitation in sub-arid & humid regions?
sub-arid: 750-1000mm
Humid: >1000mm
Dimensions in scale of weather
Height
Horizontal Scale
Time
Categories of Scales of Climate as per IMD Pune
Macro
- Planetary and Synoptic
Meso
Micro
Climatic conditions that last for a few minutes and occur in less than 1km area horizontally and 10m vertically in the atmosphere
Micro-Climate
Eg: dew, industial smoke, small eddy currents, etc.
Scales of Micro, Meso and Macro climatic condition as per IMD
Micro, Meso, Synoptic, Planetary
<1km, 1-100km, 100-1000km, 1000+ km
<10m, 1-10km, 1-10km, 10 km
few mins, 1 day, few days, Large no. of days
Scales of Micro, Meso and Macro climatic condition as per other authors
Micro, Meso, Synoptic, Planetary
<100m, 1-100km, 200-500km,2k-5k km
200m, 1-10km, 10km, 10 km
6-12 min, 1-10 hrs, 100 hrs, 200-400hrs
Examples of Meso Climatic conditons
Thunderstorms (convective clouds), tornados, Dust storms, fog, land & sea breeze, etc.
Examples of Synoptic Planetary conditions?
Depressions, Cyclonic storms, troughs & ridges
Examples Planetary climatic conditions?
Global circulation, ITCZ, Monsoon troughs, etc
Permanent change in weather phenomenon and temporary change is weather phenomenon from normal
Climate change
Climate variability
Different people/organisations that made Climate Classifications?
- Thorne Thwaite: PHMDSA
- Troll: ASSH
- ICAR: SSA
What is the Thorne Thwaite Classification of Climate based on?
Moisture index
Measured through Potential Evapo-Transpiration (PET)
What is the Thorne Thwaite Classification
PHMDSA
Per Humid: 100+
Humid: 100-20
Moist sub-humid: 20-0
Dry sub-humid: 0 to -33.3
Semi Arid: -33.3 to -66.7
Arid: -66.7 to -100
What does the Troll Criteria depend on?
No. of Humid Months
What is the Troll classification?
ASSH
Arid: <2 months of rain - 17% India
Semi-Arid Dry: 2-4.5 months - 57%
Semi-Arid Wet: 4.5-7 months - 12%
Humid: >7 months of rain - 1.10%
What does the ICAR’s criteria of Climate classification depend on?
Moisture Deficit Index
What is the ICAR Classification of Climate?
SSA
Sub-Humid: 0-33.3
Semi-Arid -33.3 to -66.6
Arid: >-66.6
How many metrological sub-divisions are there in India?
36
Most of our average annual rainfall is during?
Monsoon: 70% of the 125cm
Average of Max and Min temperature of day minus the base temperature of the crop
Degree Day of the Crop
(Tmax - Tmin) / 2 - T base
What is:
1. used to guide agricultural operations and planting land use
2. Forecast crop havest dates, yield & quality
3. Forecast labour req
4. done before Introducing new crops
5. Predicting the liklihood of successful growth
Growing Degree Day
Precipitation of liquid water particles either in the form of drops of diameter greater than 0.5mm or smaller widely scattered drops
Rain
Uniform precipitation of fine drops, less than 0.5mm in diameter
Drizzle
Fine drops of less than 0.5 mm that completely evaporate before touching ground?
Mist
Precipitation of white and opaque grains of ice (solid water in branched hexagonal crystals)
Snow
A mixture of rain & snow, small pellets of transparent ice 5mm or less in diameter. Happens when rain falling to earth passes through a layer of cold air and freezes
Sleet
In High altitute in winter
Small pieces of ice of diameter 5-50+ mm. Dreaded & destructive storms that are more frequent in the tropics, March - May in India
Hail
Lines connection areas of equal amount of precipitation
Isohytes
Lines connecting areas of same temperature
Lines connecting areas of same atmospheric pressure
Isotherm
Isobar
Average value of 30 years of a particular weather element continuing for a week, month, or years
Climatic normal
What depends on the climatic normal of a place?
crop distribution, production and productivity
When isobars are eliptical than circular, the system is called?
Ridge or wedge
A low pressure region that brings winds the velocity of 40-120 km/hr mostly during the summer. Those in Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea brings heavy rainfall and a change in existing weather
Storm
Central region of high temperature, moving clockwise in northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in southern hemisphere
Anti Cyclone
A combination of heat and moisture with speeds exceeding 120km/hr originating from water vapour rising from the warm sea/ocean and lasts longer than a storm
Hurricane in North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific.
Typhoons in Western North Pacific
Willy Willies in Australia
Cyclones in the Indian Ocean
Storms by cumulonimbus clouds, accompanied by lightning & thunder
Thunderstorms
Violently rotating column of air attended by funnel/tubular shaped cloud extending downwards from the base of a cumulonimbus
Most violent storms of troposphere
Occur during spring or summer, mostly
Tornado
General Water phenomenon that is controlled by meteorological factor that occurs in night at well and is dependent on temperature and humidity
Evaporation