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nabard agri > Intro to Agri > Flashcards

Intro to Agri Flashcards

Definition, Classification, Factors of agri, crop classification, Production estimates, cropping

1
Q

How many GDP estimates are released and by who?

A

6 GDP estimates by MoSPI
FAE, SAE, FRE, SRE, TRE, PE

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2
Q

When is the First Advanced Estimate released, it is a GDP estimate of which period and who releases it?

A
  • In January
  • Current year
  • MoSPI
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3
Q

When is the 2nd Advanced Estimate released, it is a GDP estimate of which period and who releases it?

A
  • In Feb
  • Of current year (after incorporating Q3 values)
  • MoSPI
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4
Q

Which is the final revised estimate of a year?

A

3rd Revised Estimates
Of Last to last year (Feb)
From 2024-25, 2nd Revised Estimate will be final

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5
Q

Final GDP estimate of previous year is called?

A

Provisional Estimate - May
Incorporates Q4 data

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6
Q

How many food grain production estimates are released and by who?

A

4, by Ministry of Agri & Farmer’s Welfare
FAE, SAE, TAE, 4AE

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7
Q

When are the food grain production estimates released?

A

FAE - Sept-Oct
SAE - Feb
TAE - May
4AE - Aug

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8
Q

Which sectors have shown the most growth in Agri GVA?

A

Livestock and fishing
Increasing since 2013

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9
Q

Which sector has the highest share in Agri GVA?

A

Crops

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10
Q

Which sectors are considered engines of high growth by the Committee on Doubling Farmer’s Income 2018?

A

Dairying, livestock, poultry, fisheries and horticulture

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11
Q

According to Final Estimate of 2022-23, released by MoAFW, Production of horticulture in 2022-23 is?

A

355.48 MT
A 2.39% increase from 2021-22

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12
Q

According to Final Estimate of 2022-23, released by MoAFW, Production of fruits in 2022-23 is?

A

121MT

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13
Q

According to Final Estimate of 2022-23, released by MoAFW, Production of vegetables in 2022-23 is?

A

212.55MT
Green chili, Onion, Radish, Tapioca, Tomato production did not increase

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14
Q

Which state topped in horticulture and rice production?

A

UP

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15
Q

Define Agri

A

Comes from Latin Words:
Ager + Cultura meaning cultivation of soil
It is the Art, science and business of crop production and livestock for economic purposes

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16
Q

Duration of the agriculture year?

A

1July-30June

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17
Q

Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for?

A

54.6% of India’s population

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18
Q

When was the first agri university established?

A

Pantnagar Univeristy - 1960

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19
Q

As per ICAR, What are the branches of arigulture?

A

7 branches, 3 groups (CAA)
- Crop Protection Group (3): Agronomy, Horticulture, Forestry
- Animal Husbandry Group (2): Animal Husbandry, Fishery
- Allied Group (2): Agricultural Engg, Home Science

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20
Q

Who is the father of Agronomy?

A

Pietro de’Crescenzi

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21
Q

Branch of agriculture that deals with field crop production and management

A

Agronomy

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22
Q

Study of fruits, vegetables, flower, condiments, beverages

A

Horticulture

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23
Q

Study of forests and forest crops

A

Silviculture

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24
Q

Study of machines and tech related to agri?

A

Agriculture Engg

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25
Q

Study and management of 1 crop

A

Arboriculture

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26
Q

Study of vegetables and study of fruits

A

Olericulture
Pomology

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27
Q

The cultivation of grapes and production of quality wines

A

Viticulture (not a branch of agri)

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28
Q

Green revolution started for which of the following crops?

A

First wheat then paddy

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29
Q

Define Agronomy

A

Comes from Greek word:
Agros + Nomos
Field Management
Deals with the principles and practices of crop production and field management

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30
Q

Central theme of agronomy

A
  • Crop science
  • Soil science
  • Environmental Science
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31
Q

Directorate of Cropping System Research is located in?

A

Meerut

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32
Q

Paira and Utera System of cropping is practiced in?

A

Bihar
(Lentil & Rice)

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33
Q

Acaricide is a chemical used to kill?

A

Mites and ticks

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34
Q

A selective herbicide, kills some without injuring others?

A

Atrazine

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35
Q

Non-selective contact herbicide, destroys majority, active of foliage

A

Paraquat

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36
Q

What are the ways crops are classified?

A

ABC-ROCS
Agronomy, Botany, Climate - Root Depth, Ontogeny, CO2 uptake, Season

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37
Q

What falls under the Agronomic or Economic classification of crops?

A

CLOS, FiFo RuTu, RoMA
Cereals, Legumes, Oil Seeds, Sugar, Fibre Fodder, Rubber Tuber, Root, Medicinal, Aromatic

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38
Q

To which family does cereals belong.
Give Examples

A

Poaceae & Gramineace
Grass Family
Eg: Rice, Maize, Wheat, Barley, Oats, Millets

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39
Q

Indian Grain Storage Management & Research Institute

A

Hapul, UP

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40
Q

Legumes are aka? which family do they belong to?

A

Pulses - nitrogen fixing
Leguminosae

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41
Q

Indian Institute of Pulses is located in?

A

Kanpur
Pulse = Kanpur

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42
Q

What is the content of erusic acid in Canola/Rapeseed?

A

<2%

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43
Q

Oil content in Sesame ?

A

83-90%

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44
Q

What are some conventional oils?

A

Mustard, sessame, canola/rapeseed, groundnut

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45
Q

What are some non-conventional (refined oil)?

A

Sunflower, Safflower, soyabean
They contribute to about 6% of local produce

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46
Q

What are some non-tree oil seeds?

A

Cotton, maize, rice bran

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47
Q

What are primary edible oilseeds?

A

Groundnut, rapeseed (tarla, mustard, sarson), soybean, sesame, safflower, sunflower, niger

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48
Q

Primary non-edible oil?

A

Castor and linseed

49
Q

Secondary Edible oilseeds?

A

Cotton, Ricebran, Maize
Plantation: Coconut, Red Oil Palm
Tree Borne Oilseeds: Sal, Mahua, Mango kernel, Phulwara, Dhupa

50
Q

Secondary non-edible oilseeds

A

Seasonal: Mesta, tobacco
Plantation: Rubber
tree bourne: Neem, Karanj, Pilu, Palash, Wild Apricot, Jojoba, etc

51
Q

India is a net-importer of edible oil. How much of it is imported?

A

57%
Negatively impacts our forex by USD20.56 billion

52
Q

Technology Mission in oil seeds started in?

A

1986

53
Q

Fibre crop examples: of stem, seed and leaf

A

Jute, Mesta (Stem/Bast fibre)
Cotton (Seed fibre)
Agave, Pineapple (Leaf fibre)

54
Q

ICAR-CRIJAF Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers is located in?

A

Barrackpore, WB

55
Q
  1. What is aka, Egyptian Clover or the King of Fodder Crops?
  2. What is aka Sweet Clover?
A

Berseem = Egyptian
Senji = Sweet

56
Q

What is also known as Alfalfa, queen of forages and the king of drought tolerance?

A

Lucerne

57
Q

What is also known as Elephant Grass or Uganda grass

A

Napier

58
Q

Indian Grass Land and Fodder Research Institute is located in

A

Jhansi

59
Q

Which countryis the highest Rubber producing country?

A

Thailand
In India - Kerala
Hevea family

60
Q

Crops grown for their rhizome, bulb, corm or stem?

A

Tuber or Root Crops
Potato is a stem tuber

61
Q

Central Tuber Crop Research Institute is located in?

A

Trivandrum
(t=tuber, t=trivandrum)

62
Q

Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) is located in?

A

Lucknow

63
Q

Attributes of millets are?

A

4 attributes:
Hardy
Resilient: Low carbon and water footprint
Can withstand high temp
Can grow on poor soils - little or no external input

64
Q

Which crop is known as ‘miracle crops’ or ‘crops of the future’?

A

Millets

65
Q

Which millet has the most protein?

A

Proso millet at 12.5%

66
Q

Which millet is the best source of crude fibre and iron?

A

Barnyard millet
Jhangara/Sanwa

67
Q

National year of millet and international year of millet?

A

2018 and 2023
Declared by UNGA in 2021

68
Q

How much millets does india produce?

A

Almost 170 lakh tonnes
80% of Asian production
20% of global production

69
Q

What is groundnut haulm used for?

A

The leaves or vines of groundnut
Cattle feed and manure value
Rich in protein and nitrogen

70
Q

Which is the economic portion of the groundnut?

A

The Pod
Contains 50% oil content (vanaspathi/soap making)

71
Q

What is the shell of groundnut used for?

A

Has fuel value, used for soil ammendment
bed material in poultry

72
Q

What is the use of the seed in pod, the shell & Stalk of sesame seeds

A

Seed in pod -> economic part
Shell and stalk -> composting & burning

73
Q

What is the use of Niger crop & seed?

A

An industrial crop
Seed is the economic portion
Soap making, varnish & light lubricant

74
Q

Safflower and sunflower oil & cake purpose?

A

They contain more unsaturated fatty acids - good for heart patients
Cake is used for cattle feed, organic material and decorticated manure

75
Q

Scientific name of Chilli?

A

Capsicum frutescens

76
Q

soyabean scientific name?

A

Glycine max

77
Q

Garden bean scientific name?

A

Lablab purpureous

78
Q

Ragi is also known as?

A

Finger millet
(Major Millet)

79
Q

What is a gluten free millet aka Camel plant & New Quinoa?

A

Jowar or Sorghum
Has whole grain properties

80
Q

What is the highest produced millet in India?

A

Pearl Millet or Bajra
(60% of millet production)
Followed by Jowar/Sorghum: 27%

81
Q

Kangri or Kankum is also known as?

A

Foxtail
2nd most widely grown millet in the world

82
Q

Little Millet is also known as?

A

Kutki or shavan
Eaten like rice

83
Q

Which country produces the highest amount of millets?

A

India
1.09 crore tons annually

Overall African continent is the highest producer
173 lakh tonnes at 20%

84
Q

Average millet yield of india?

A

1239 kg/ha
more than global average at 1229 kg/ha

85
Q

How many start-ups are working in the millet value added chain under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana- Raftaar?

A

more than 250
Incubated by Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR -Hyderabad)

86
Q

National Food Security Mission - Nutri Cereals , is being implemented in how many districts and states?

A

212 districts and 14 states

87
Q

In Botanical/Scientific Classification, Monocot crops are?

A

GPLZ
Graminaceae, Poaceae - Cereals & Grasses
Liliceae - Onion
Zingiberaceae - Ginger

88
Q

In Botanical Classification, give examples of Dicot plants?

A

SL-MLT
Solanaceae - Tomato, Brinjal
Leguminosae
Malvaceae - Cotton
Linaceae - Flax
Tiliaceae - Jute, Sun hemp

89
Q

Crop Classifications based on Climate?

A

STTP
Tropical, Sub-Tropical
Temperate, Polar

90
Q

Examples of Temperate crops?

A

Can withstand frost:
Apple (Malus domestica),
Almond (Prunus dulcis),
strawberry (Fragaria ananassa)
Rosaceae: Peach (Prunus persica),
Pear (Pyrus Communis),
Cherry (Prunus avium)

91
Q

Drupe Fruits are an example of?

A

Temperate fruits:
Cherry, peach, plum, apricot

92
Q

Achne is an example of?

A

Temperate fruit: strawberry

93
Q

Tropical Fruit Examples

A

Banana (Musa …), Mango,
Sugarcane,
Pineapple (Ananas Comosus),
Coconut

94
Q

What are root Depth based classification of crops?

A
  • Shallow: <30cm or <1m
  • Intermediate: 30-60cm or 1-1.5m
  • Deep: >60cm or >1.5m
95
Q

What is the ontogeny classification of a plant?

A

Complete lifecycle of crops are in 2 stages:
Vegetative (germination, leaf development)
Reproductive (inflorescence and flowering)
followed by Senescense
This is done either in 1, 2 or multiple years

96
Q

Examples of Annual plants?

A

Cereals and Gasses:
Wheat rice, maize,
mustard (Brassica Spp.)

97
Q

Example of Binnial Plants?

A

Sugar beet, beet root
carrot (Daucus carota) - only under natural conditions

98
Q

Examples of Perennial crops

A

Fodder crops:
Napier, Coconut
Fodder (Pennisetum purpureum)

99
Q

Crop Classification based on CO2 Fixation, with example

A
  • C3 plant: Rice, Wheat, soyabean, barley, cotton
  • C4 Plants: Sugarcane, Maize, millet, sesame
  • CAM plants: Cacti, pineapple, agave
100
Q

Kharif Crop Classification Based on Season?

A

Monsoon sowing (June-July)
October harvest
Eg: Rice, maize, Sugarcane, Soybean, Groundnut, Caster, Red Gram, Jute, Cotton

101
Q

Rabi Crop classification based on season?

A

Winter sowing: Oct-Nov
Harvest: March-April
Eg: Wheat, Oats, Potato, Bengal Gram, Mustard

102
Q

Zaid Crops classification is based on which season? What is it’s sowing period?

A

Summer crops
Feb-March Sowing
Eg: Black Gram, cowpea, sesame, watermelon

103
Q

Self Pollination example

A

Rice, Okhra, pulses, tomato, tobacco
(Nicotina tabacum)

104
Q

Cross Pollinated plants?

A

Corn, grasses, avocado, grape, mango, many plants

105
Q

Example of often cross pollinated?

A

Cotton, Sorghum, Red Gram (cajanus cajun)

106
Q

Crops grown along farms roads or fences. To provide shade or protection to crops

A

Avenue Crops
Eg: Pigeon Pea, Glyricidia, Sisal

107
Q

A quick growing crop incidentally planned and harvested between 2 major crops.
Planted in consecutive seasons as a contingency crop, grown if the major crop fails or to get more returns from land

A

Catch/Contingent crops

108
Q

Crops are grown to supplement the yield of the main crop

A

Augment Crops
Japanese mustard with Berseem, increases the yield of Japanese Mustard

109
Q

Crops grown for grazing or harvesting for immediate or future feeding to livestock.

A

Ley Crops
The grass + legume mixture is called ley

110
Q

Crops grown to conserve soil moisture through their ground covering foliage?

A

Mulch crops
cowpea

111
Q

Crop that helps reduce soil erosion. To cover the soil rather than be harvested

A

Cover crop
Eg: Groundnut, chickpea, sweet potato, cowpea

112
Q

Contribution of non-tree oil in NEOP?

A

70% contribution toward national edible oil production

113
Q

Examples of crops with shallow root depth

A

Wheat, Barley, Rice

114
Q

Examples of crops with intermediate root depth?

A

Faba bean, sugar bean

115
Q

Examples of crops with deep root depth?

A

Alfalfa, Tomato

116
Q

How many plants are C3 plants?

A

85%

117
Q

How many plants are C4 plants?

A

3%

118
Q

How many plants are CAM plants?

A

8%

119
Q

Contingent crops are aka?

A

Catch crops or emergency crops

nabard agri (9 decks)

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