Seed Science Flashcards
From which part of the ovule does the seed coat (testa) develop?
Integuments
Criticial Irrigation Stage for wheat?
1st: 20-25 days after sowing
2nd: 40-45 days after sowing
Phalaris minor and Avena fatua weeds resemble which crop?
wheat
This crop has a toxic limit of HCN at 200 ppm. Concentration decreases after 20 days. To overcome, avoid feeding this before 50 days stage. Hay & silage are HCN free. Identify
Sorghum
A fast growing, drought resistant tree, Native to india. Widely cultivated for its young seed pods & leaves. Used as a vegetable, for herbal medicine and water purification. Identify?
Moringa
A mechanism promoting cross pollination where pistils mature before stamen
Protogyny
Examples of Protogyny plants
Apple, Pear, Pearl Millet
Examples of Protandry plants
Carrot (Daucus carota), Walnut (Juglans …), Maize
Seed based disease of Wheat? It is caused by?
Loose smut
Ustilago tritici
Grain smut, Green ear, Ergot are seed based diseases of?
Pearl Millet or Bajra
Pennisetum glaucum. Grain smut is also for Sorghum
Early Blight & leaf spot are diseases of which plant?
Tomato
The generations of seed prodution, aka models of seed generation was given by?
Association of Official Seed Certifying Agency (AOSCA)
Tag size of Breeder Seeds & Certified seeds?
B = 12 x 6 cm
C = 16 x 7.5 cm
Tag Size of Foundation seeds and truthfully labelled seeds?
F = 15 x 7.5 cm
TL = 15 x 10 cm
Production of a particular class of seed up to certified seed stage.
It depends on?
- Rate of genetic deterioration
- Seed multiplication ratio
- Total seed demand
Seed generation model for cross pollinated plants?
NBFC model
3 generations:
B+F+C
Seed generation model for self-pollinated crops?
4 generations:
B+F(I)+F(II)+C
Innate and induced are what kind of dormancy?
Secondary Dormancy
where,
Innate = hereditary, Induced = External (light, wind, etc)
Endogenous and Exogenous are what kind of dormancy?
Primary Dormancy
Endo = Due to embryo, Exo = Due to seed coat
Equipment to separate seeds based on weight/density?
Specific Gravity Separator
Equipment to separate seeds based on Size?
Air screen cleaner cum grader
Equipment to separate seeds based on Length?
Disc or indented cyinder separator
Equipment to separate seeds based on Shape?
Spiral Separator
or Draper Separator
Equipment to separate seeds based on Surface texture (rough/smooth)?
Roll mill / Dodder mill
An imp machine in cleaning plants, uses screens and aspirations. Upper screen removed larger material and lower stops the seeds to let through finer matter. Cleaning is a process of gradually shifting out smaller particles.
Air screen cleaner
Dried seeds should be cleaned and graded with the help of?
Cleaner cum grader
Consists of a seies of discs. A very precise separator, only seed length and shape affects it, flexibility is obtained by varying the size of pockets. It is?
Disc Separator
R pocket for rice and V pocket for round grains
An equipment that uses a combination of pocket size, centrifugal force, friction & gravity to make seed separations possible. Short seeds are lifted out of the seed mass and long seeds remain in the cylinder.
Indented Cylinder separator
This separator classifies seed according to its shape and rolling ability. based on roundness of seeds
Spiral Separator
13th National Seed Congress was organised in?
Varanasi
At International Rice Reserch Institute South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC)
Full form of SATHI Portal by MoAFW & NIC
Seed Authentication, Traceability & Holistic Inventory
Transparent Seed Certification
National organisation involved in Seed productions?
NSC, SSC and KVK
Indian Society of Seed Technology was established in?
1971
Pune, Maharashtra
Seed replacement rate of tomato?
99.3%
Seed relacement rate of brinjal?
63.4%
Seed multipication rate of potato?
1:4
Seed Multiplication rate of hybrid paddy?
1:100
Also Sorghum & Watermelon
Crop that has the highest seed multiplication ratio among vegetables?
Brinjal
Most critical state for rouging in seed production?
Flowering stage
Centralised portal and mobile app for seed traceability, authentication and inventory designed to deal with the challenges of seed production, quality seed identification and seed certification.
SATHI
What is the theme of SATHI portal by MoAFW and NIC?
Uttam Beej - Samriddh Kisan
Seed rate (kg/ha) for paddy by:
- broadcasting is?
- Drilling is?
- 100-120 kg/ha
- 70-90 kg/ha
Inter-row spacing and intra-row spacing of paddy?
Inter-row spacing: 20cm
Intra-row spacing: 10-15 cm
Seed rate of paddy for?
- Rainfed Lowlands
- Aerobic Rice Cultivation
- Rainfed: 75-100 kg/ha
- Aerobic rice: 5-6 kg/ha
Milling % of paddy is?
50-70%
Seed multiplication ratio of paddy?
1:80
Gluten and Amylose content is associated with which cereals
Gluten: Wheat - gives it a spongy, stretchy quality
Amylose content: Rice - makes rice non-sticky on cooking
Amylose content in rice is?
15-37%
Seed rate for wheat in:
Broadcasting?
Seed Drills?
Dibbling?
Broadcasting: 150 kg/ha
Seed Drills: 100-125 kg/ha
Dibbling: 25-30 kg/ha
Most critical stage for water in wheat and rice?
Crown root initiation (20-25 days) and the flowering stage (80-85 days)
Rice: Booting Stage
Transition period between root and shoot development in wheat?
Crown Root Initiation Phase
The stage where the milky fluid in wheat grain harden is called?
Dough Stage
Tag colour of different seed generations - NBFC-T?
N - No colour
B - Golden Yellow
F - White
C - Blue
T - Green
Seed Village Programme was launched by MoAFW in?
2014-15
Seed Village programme is a key component of?
Sub-Mission on Seeds & Planting Material
Financial assistance in Seed Village programme for cereals & others?
Cereals: 50% of seed cost
Others: 60%
others = pulses, oilseeds, fodder & green manure
National Seed Reserve is a part of which scheme?
Seed Village Programme (2014-15)
Beej Gram Yojana
- Set up under Multi-State Cooperative Society Act 2002.
- Jointly promoted by AMUL / GCMMF, IFFCO, KRBHCO & NAFED?
NCEL (2023)
National Cooperative Exports Ltd
Bio fertilizer for rice is?
Azolla
Scotch grass or buffalo grass is aka?
Doob is another name for?
Para grass
Bermuda Grass
Scientific name of Makhana?
belongs to family?
Euryale ferox
Water Lily - Nymphaeaceae
Fox Nut & Gorgon Plant are the names of?
Makhana
grows through rhizome
Akiochi disease is due to the toxicity of?
Sulphur
Acc to UAS, drone based application of pesticide dec the use by ___% and inc cost efficiency by ___%
the University of Agricultural Sciences India
Use: 15%
23%
‘Paddy, raw rice’ storage moisture content?
14%
Storage moisture content of Parboiled rice?
15%
Storage moisture content of groundnut & mustard?
6%
A system for tackling produce yield to climate change, utilizes AI/ML to detect pest infestation in crop issues, enabling timely intervention for healthier crops
National Pest Surveillance System
Traditional Indian agri science that utilizes biochemistry and Bhasma (ash) chemistry to promote improved plant growth
Vrikshayurveda
Lekharam Yadav frm Rajas: NPOPcertified org farming agrotourism -Rs17 cr
The process by which glocose is synthesized from non-carbohy precursors?
Gluconeogenesis
