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NABARD Agri 2025 > Soil Science 2 > Flashcards

Soil Science 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps in Soil Erosion?

A

Detachment -> Transportation -> Deposition

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2
Q

RULSE is used by researchers for?

A

Pan-India soil erosion estimate

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3
Q

What are the factors considered in RULSE?

A

4 parameters:
1. Predicted crop loss
2. Rainfall
3. Soil erodibility
4. Land management practices

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4
Q

Full form of RUSLE?

A

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation

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5
Q

According to RULSE, what is the country’s biggest hotspot for soil erosion

A

Brahmaputra Valley

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6
Q

According to RULSE which state is a hotspot for catastrophic erosion due to anthropogenic interventions

A

Odisha

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7
Q

What is defined as catastrophic erosion?

A

over 100 tonnes of soil lost per ha

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8
Q

What are the 3 main types of soil loss?

A

Wind
Water
Gravity (Geological)

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9
Q

Saltation, Suspension & Creep is associated with which type of erosion?

A

Soil Erosion

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10
Q

What are the different forms of water erosion?

A

HAAS
Hydraulic, Abrasion,
Attrition, Solution

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11
Q

What are the different types of water erosion?

A

SSS-RGC
Splash, Sheet, Rill, Gully,
Coastal, Stream Bank

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12
Q

Headquaters of National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning

A

Nagpur

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13
Q

A mathematical model used to predict the long term average annual rate of soil erosion

A

Universal Soil Loss Equation

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14
Q

Who introduced Universal Soil Loss Equation (ULSE)?

A

W. H. Wischmeier

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15
Q

What is the USLE?

A

A = R x K x LS x C x P
A = Predicted Soil Loss, R = Rainfall & Runoff, K = Soil Erodibility, LS = Slope Length & Steepness, C = Crop Management, P = Support Practices (farming direction, strip cropping)

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16
Q

Azotobacter, Beijerinka, Clostridium, Anabaena, Nostoc are examples of what kind of soil organism?

A

Free - Living

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17
Q

Rhizobium, Frrankia, Anabaena Azollae are what kind of soil organism?

A

Symbiotic

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18
Q

Azospirillum is what kind of soil organism?

A

Associative Symbiotic

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19
Q

Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus circulansm Pseudomonas striata are examples of?

A

Solubilizing Biofertiliser (Bact)

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20
Q

Psedomonas Flurescens is what kind of soil organism?

A

Plant Growth promoting

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21
Q

Groundnut thrives best what kind of soil?

A

Sandy, loamy soil

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22
Q

Using Beetels, Mites, Fungi, Bacteria, Wasps to stop other weeds and insects from damaging natural habitats and farms in an environmentally friendly way?

A

Bio-Control Agent

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23
Q

What is aka a biodrainage crop? What is known as the golden crop in USA?

A

Eucalyptus
Maize

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24
Q

As per the national GHG inventory, agriculture sector emits ____ MMT of CO2 equivalent, where Rice cultivation is the ____ largest source of GHG emissions in Indian Agriculture after enteric fermentation and fertiliser use

A

408 MMT
3rd highest

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25
Q

Programs that promote commercial tree growing by farmers in their own land. It is the practice of forestry in all its aspects around farms or village landsintegrated with other farm operations

A

Farm Forestry

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26
Q

Practice of forestry in areas devoid of tree growth and other vegetationsituated in places away from conventional forest areas with the object of increasing the area under tree growth

A

Extension Forestry

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27
Q

Practice of forestry for raising fodder grass with scattered fodder trees and fuel wood trees on suitable wasteland, panchayat land and village common

A

Mixed Forestry

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28
Q

A belt of trees and or shrubs maintained for the purpose of shelter from wind, sun, snow drift, etc.

A

Shelterbelts

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29
Q

These are the plantations of fast growing species on linear strips of land

A

Linear Strip Plantations

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30
Q

Practice of forestry with the object of raising flowering trees and shrubs mainly to serve as recreation forests for the urban & rural population.

A

Recreation/Aesthetic Forestry

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31
Q

When is the UN World Soil Day?

A

5th December

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32
Q

When is the International Year of Soil?

A

2015

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33
Q

Global Soil Partnership was eatablished in? It was hosted by?

A

2012
FAO

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34
Q

Action Areas of Global Soil Partnership?

A

10 areas:
* Awareness Raising
* Soil Biodiversity
* Capacity Building
* Soil information
* Soil Erosion
* Soil Fertility
* Soil Governance
* Soil Pollution
* Soil Salinity
* Soil Organic Carbon

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35
Q

SDG related to soil health? Target of World Soil Charter 1982 is?

A

SDG 15
Maintain atleast 50% of soil health by 2030

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36
Q

India ranks ____ in fertiliser production, ____ in nitrogen fertilizer and ____bin phosphate fertiliser

A

3rd
2nd
3rd

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37
Q

A fertiliser that supplies only 1 nutrient at a time is known as? Give an example?

A

Straight Fertiliser
Urea

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38
Q

Complex fertilizers are also known as? What are they?

A

High Analysis Fertilizer
Containing at least 2 or more of the primary nutrients essential (N,P,K)

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39
Q

Complete Fertilizers are aka? What are they?

A

Ternary Fertilizer
3+ primary nutrients supplied

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40
Q

What are Incomplete Complex Fertilizers? They are aka?

A

A fertiliser lacking any one of he major 3 Primary nutrients
Binary Fertilizer

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41
Q

Example of Binary Fertilizer and incomplete complex fertilizer?

A

Nitrophosphate
Diammonium Phosphate

42
Q

What are primary nutrients?

43
Q

What are Secondary Nutrients?

44
Q

What are the micro nutrients?

A

B, Cl, Cu, Fe
Mn, Mo, Ni
Zn

45
Q

3 types of phosphatic acid?

A
  1. Water soluble
  2. Citric Acid
  3. Insoluble in both
46
Q

Examples of Water Soluble Phosphatic Fertilizers

A

SSP, DSP, TSP

47
Q

Examples of Citric Acid Soluble Phosphatic Acid?

A

Slag, Dicalcium Phosphate

48
Q

Insoluble Phosphatic Fertilizers example?

A

Rock Phosphate
Bone Meal

49
Q

Which Fertilizers are slow releasing?

A

Nitrogenous Fertilizers

50
Q

What kind of fertilizers become essential for oil seed crops other than primary nutrients fertilizers?

A

Secondary nutrient - S Fertilizer

51
Q

Borax formula?

A

Na2B4O7

A micro nutrient fertilizer

52
Q

Urea formula?

53
Q

What kind of fertilizers are Urea & CAN

NH2CONH2 & Calcium Cyanamide

A

Amide Fertilizers

54
Q

Urea contains how much N? and CAN contains how much N?

A

Urea: 46% N
CAN: 21% N

55
Q

CAN is also known as?

A

Kisan Khad

56
Q

Fertiliser with highest % of Nitrogen is?

A

Anhydrous ammonium

at 82%

57
Q

Prilled Urea, Neem Coated Urea & Urea Formaldehyde are examples of?

A

Slow releasing Fertilizers

58
Q

Share of phosphorus in SSP

59
Q

Share of Phosphorus in DSP?

60
Q

Share of Phosphorus in TSP?

61
Q

Share of Potash in MOP

62
Q

Formula of Dolomite & Gypsym

A

CaCO3MgCO3
CaSO4

63
Q

CAN fertilizers are beneficial to ____ soils as it has ____ Ph values

A

Acidic soil
Netral pH values

64
Q

Companies can claim fertilizer subsidy through which portal?

A

e-Urvarak Platform

65
Q

Which Fertilizer falls under controlled fertilizer in India?

66
Q

Non-Urea based Fertilizers are regulated under?

A

Nutrient Based Subsidy Scheme (2010)

67
Q

Nutrients covered in NBS scheme? Kand their source fertilizer)

A

N -> Urea
P -> DAP
K -> MOP

68
Q

Nutrient Based Subsidy Scheme was launched in? by?

A

April 2010
Mo Chemical & fertiliser

69
Q

P&K fertilisers are implemented under scheme ____. Here, a fixed amt of subsidy is decided depending on their nutrient content.

P&K sector is decontrolled - companies free to prod/imp on market forces

A

NBS scheme (2010)

70
Q

GoI issued Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) under Essential Commodities Act of?

71
Q

Policy on Neem Coated urea came in?

72
Q

Acc to New Urea Policy 2015, minimum how much urea need to be neem coated?

73
Q

Ideal N:P:K ratio

74
Q

particle size of nano urea?

75
Q

Share of N in nano urea?

76
Q

How many nano urea plants are there in India? Where are they located?

A

3
1 in Kallol, Gujarat
2 in UP

77
Q

Who created nano-urea?

78
Q

Nano urea supplies nitrogen in which form?

A

Foliar application

79
Q

Nano urea enhances crop productivity to?

80
Q

Which institute developed Nano urea gold?

A

Rashtriya Chemical & Fertilizer

81
Q

PM Kisan Samrudhi Kendra is by which ministry? When was it launched?

A

Department of Fertilizer
Aug 2022

82
Q

Soils that are high in potash but low in nitrogen?

A

Arid soils

83
Q

Example of ternary or complete fertilizer?

A

Ammonium potassium phosphate

84
Q

Rapid absorption occurs for which fertiliser in foliar application?

A

Urea nitrogen
Potassium
Zinc

85
Q

One nation one fertilizer scheme was introduced in?

86
Q

One nation one fertilizer (ONOF) brand?

87
Q

Urea gold is name for?

A

Sulphur coated urea

Slow release fertiliser

88
Q

Price of liquid nano urea?

A

Rs. 240
No subsidy

89
Q

Liquid nano urea is sprayed how?

A

Directly on the leaves
(Foliar application)

90
Q

Efficiency of conventional urea and liquid nano urea?

A

Urea: 25%
Liquid nano urea: 85-90%

91
Q

C:N:P:S ratio of Indian soil?

A

144: 10: 1.4: 1.8

92
Q

Which soil has a dark coloured surface horizon and are quite fertile

A

Mollisols
(Grassland)

93
Q

2nd largest groups of soil after inceptisol?

A

Entisol
14%

94
Q

Fertilisers that provide N, P or K to the soil?
Fertilisers that provide Ca, Mg or S to soil?

A

Primary Fertiliser
Secondary Fertiliser

Micronutrient: Fe, Zn, Bo, Cl, etc

95
Q

Non leguminous perennial forages?

A
  • Napier (elephant/Uganda)
  • Guinea grass
  • Setaria grass
  • Para grass (scotch/buffalo)
96
Q

Which Fertiliser is highly soluble in water? Its formula?

A

DAP
(NH4)2HPO4

97
Q

Group of contiguous similar pedons bounded on all sides by “not-soil” or by pedons of unlike characters is called?
They have a max and min area of?

A

Polypedon
Min: > 1 km2

to undefined max area

98
Q

____ is the precursor to soil upon which active & passive forces act leading to soil formation.

A

Regolith

It takes 200-400 yrs to form 1cm of soil

99
Q

What is the Dokuchaev soil equation?

A

s = f(cl, o, p)t
* cl = climate
* o = organisms
* p = parent material
* r = time

100
Q

Removal of bases from soil is?

A

Decalcification

101
Q

Soil Porosity is determined by?

A

1-Bulk Density / PD

NABARD Agri 2025 (26 decks)

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