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NABARD Agri > Soil Science 2 > Flashcards

Soil Science 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps in Soil Erosion?

A

Detachment -> Transportation -> Deposition

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2
Q

Soil erosion word comes from?

A

Latin Word:
erodere -> eating away

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3
Q

RULSE is used by researchers for?

A

Pan-India soil erosion estimate

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4
Q

What are the factors considered in RULSE?

A

4 parameters:
1. Predicted crop loss
2. Rainfall
3. Soil erodibility
4. Land management practices

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5
Q

Full form of RUSLE?

A

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation

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6
Q

According to RUSLE, what % of india is experiencing minor soil erosion

A

30%

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7
Q

According to RULSE, what % of india is experiencing catastrophic topsoil loss

A

3%

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8
Q

According to RULSE, what is the country’s biggest hotspot for soil erosion

A

Brahmaputra Valley

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9
Q

According to RULSE which state is a hotspot for catastrophic erosion due to anthropogenic interventions

A

Odisha

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10
Q

What is defined as catastrophic erosion?

A

over 100 tonnes of soil lost per ha

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11
Q

What are the 3 main types of soil loss?

A

Wind
Water
Gravity (Geological)

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12
Q

Saltation, Suspension & Creep is associated with which type of erosion?

A

Soil Erosion

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13
Q

What are the different forms of water erosion?

A

HAAS
Hydraulic, Abrasion,
Attrition, Solution

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14
Q

What are the different types of water erosion?

A

SSS-RGC
Splash, Sheet, Rill, Gully,
Coastal, Stream Bank

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15
Q

Headquaters of National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning

A

Nagpur

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16
Q

A mathematical model used to predict the long term average annual rate of soil erosion

A

Universal Soil Loss Equation

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17
Q

Who introduced Universal Soil Loss Equation (ULSE)?

A

W. H. Wischmeier

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18
Q

What is the USLE?

A

A = R x K x LS x C x P
A = Predicted Soil Loss, R = Rainfall & Runoff, K = Soil Erodibility, LS = Slope Length & Steepness, C = Crop Management, P = Support Practices (farming direction, strip cropping)

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19
Q

Azotobacter, Beijerinka, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Anabaena, Nostoc are examples of what kind of soil organism?

A

Free - Living

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20
Q

Rhizobium, Frrankia, Anabaena Azollae are what kind of soil organism?

A

Symbiotic

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21
Q

Azospirillum is what kind of soil organism?

A

Associative Symbiotic

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22
Q

Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus circulansm Pseudomonas striata are examples of?

A

Solubilizing Biofertiliser (Bact)

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23
Q

Psedomonas Flurescens is what kind of soil organism?

A

Plant Growth promoting

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24
Q

Groundnut thrives best what kind of soil?

A

Sandy, loamy soil

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25
Q

Using Beetels, Mites, Fungi, Bacteria, Wasps to stop other weeds and insects from damaging natural habitats and farms in an environmentally friendly way?

A

Bio-Control Agent

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26
Q

What is aka a biodrainage crop? What is known as the golden crop in USA?

A

Eucalyptus
Maize

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27
Q

As per the national GHG inventory, agriculture sector emits ____ MMT of CO2 equivalent, where Rice cultivation is the ____ largest source of GHG emissions in Indian Agriculture after enteric fermentation and fertiliser use

A

408 MMT
3rd highest

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28
Q

Programs that promote commercial tree growing by farmers in their own land. It is the practice of forestry in all its aspects around farms or village landsintegrated with other farm operations

A

Farm Forestry

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29
Q

Practice of forestry in areas devoid of tree growth and other vegetationsituated in places away from conventional forest areas with the object of increasing the area under tree growth

A

Extension Forestry

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30
Q

Practice of forestry for raising fodder grass with scattered fodder trees and fuel wood trees on suitable wasteland, panchayat land and village common

A

Mixed Forestry

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31
Q

A belt of trees and or shrubs maintained for the purpose of shelter from wind, sun, snow drift, etc.

A

Shelterbelts

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32
Q

These are the plantations of fast growing species on linear strips of land

A

Linear Strip Plantations

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33
Q

Practice of forestry with the object of raising flowering trees and shrubs mainly to serve as recreation forests for the urban & rural population.

A

Recreation/Aesthetic Forestry

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34
Q

When is the UN World Soil Day?

A

5th December

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35
Q

When is the International Year of Soil?

A

2015

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36
Q

Global Soil Partnership was eatablished in? It was hosted by?

A

2012
FAO

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37
Q

Action Areas of Global Soil Partnership?

A

10 areas:
* Awareness Raising
* Soil Biodiversity
* Capacity Building
* Soil information
* Soil Erosion
* Soil Fertility
* Soil Governance
* Soil Pollution
* Soil Salinity
* Soil Organic Carbon

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38
Q

SDG related to soil health? Target of World Soil Charter 1982 is?

A

SDG 15
Maintain atleast 50% of soil health by 2030

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39
Q

India ranks ____ in fertiliser production, ____ in nitrogen fertilizer and ____bin phosphate fertiliser

A

3rd
2nd
3rd

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40
Q

A fertiliser that supplies only 1 nutrient at a time is known as? Give an example?

A

Straight Fertiliser
Urea

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41
Q

Complex fertilizers are also known as? What are they?

A

High Analysis Fertilizer
Containing at least 2 or more of the primary nutrients essential (N,P,K)

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42
Q

Complete Fertilizers are aka? What are they?

A

Ternary Fertilizer
3+ primary nutrients supplied

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43
Q

What are Incomplete Complex Fertilizers? They are aka?

A

A fertiliser lacking any one of he major 3 Primary nutrients
Binary Fertilizer

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44
Q

Example of Binary Fertilizer and incomplete complex fertilizer?

A

Nitrophosphate
Diammonium Phosphate

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45
Q

What are primary nutrients?

A

N, P, K

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46
Q

What are Secondary Nutrients?

A

Ca, Mg, S

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47
Q

What are the micro nutrients?

A

B, Cl, Cu, Fe
Mn, Mo, Ni
Zn

48
Q

3 types of phosphatic acid?

A
  1. Water soluble
  2. Citric Acid
  3. Insoluble in both
49
Q

Examples of Water Soluble Phosphatic Fertilizers

A

SSP, DSP, TSP

50
Q

Examples of Citric Acid Soluble Phosphatic Acid?

A

Slag, Dicalcium Phosphate

51
Q

Insoluble Phosphatic Fertilizers example?

A

Rock Phosphate
Bone Meal

52
Q

Which Fertilizers are slow releasing?

A

Nitrogenous Fertilizers

53
Q

What kind of fertilizers become essential for oil seed crops other than primary nutrients fertilizers?

A

Secondary nutrient - S Fertilizer

54
Q

Borax formula?

A

Na2B4O7

A micro nutrient fertilizer

55
Q

Urea formula?

A

NH2CONH2

56
Q

What kind of fertilizers are Urea & CAN

NH2CONH2 & Calcium Cyanamide

A

Amide Fertilizers

57
Q

Urea contains how much N? and CAN contains how much N?

A

Urea: 46% N
CAN: 21% N

58
Q

CAN is also known as?

A

Kisan Khad

59
Q

Fertiliser with highest % of Nitrogen is?

A

Anhydrous ammonium

at 82%

60
Q

Prilled Urea, Neem Coated Urea & Urea Formaldehyde are examples of?

A

Slow releasing Fertilizers

61
Q

Share of phosphorus in SSP

A

16-18%

62
Q

Share of Phosphorus in DSP?

A

32%

63
Q

Share of Phosphorus in TSP?

A

46-48%

64
Q

Share of Potash in MOP

A

60-62%

65
Q

Formula of Dolomite & Gypsym

A

CaCO3MgCO3
CaSO4

66
Q

The fertiliser subsidy has been reduced to?

A

Rs. 1.64 L crore

13% lower than revised estimate

67
Q

CAN fertilizers are beneficial to ____ soils as it has ____ Ph values

A

Acidic soil
Netral pH values

68
Q

Companies can claim fertilizer subsidy through which portal?

A

e-Urvarak Platform

69
Q

Which Fertilizer falls under controlled fertilizer in India?

A

Urea

70
Q

Non-Urea based Fertilizers are regulated under?

A

Nutrient Based Subsidy Scheme (2010)

71
Q

Who implements NBSS?

A

Department of Fertilizers under
Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers

72
Q

Nutrient Based Subsidy Scheme was launched in?

A

April 2010

73
Q

GoI issued Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) under Essential Commodities Act of?

A

1957

74
Q

Policy on Neem Coated urea came in?

A

2015

75
Q

Acc to New Urea Policy 2015, minimum how much urea need to be neem coated?

A

75%

76
Q

Ideal N:P:K ratio

A

4:2:1

77
Q

particle size of nano urea?

A

20-50 nm

78
Q

Share of N in nano urea?

A

4%

79
Q

How many nano urea plants are there in India? Where are they located?

A

3
1 in Kallol, Gujarat
2 in UP

80
Q

Who created nano-urea?

A

IIFCO

81
Q

Nano urea supplies nitrogen in which form?

A

Foliar application

82
Q

Nano urea enhances crop productivity to?

A

8%

83
Q

Which institute developed Nano urea gold?

A

Rashtriya Chemical & Fertilizer

84
Q

PM Kisan Samrudhi Kendra is by which ministry? When was it launched?

A

Department of Fertilizer
Aug 2022

85
Q

Soils that are high in potash but low in nitrogen?

A

Arid soils

86
Q

Example of ternary or complete fertilizer?

A

Ammonium potassium phosphate

87
Q

Rapid absorption occurs for which fertiliser in foliar application?

A

Urea nitrogen
Potassium
Zinc

88
Q

One nation one fertilizer scheme was introduced in?

A

2022

89
Q

One nation one fertilizer (ONOF) brand?

A

BHARAT

90
Q

Urea gold is name for?

A

Sulphus coated urea

91
Q

Price of liquid nano urea?

A

Rs. 240
No subsidy

92
Q

Liquid nano urea is sprayed how?

A

Directly on the leaves
(Foliar application)

93
Q

Efficiency of conventional urea and liquid nano urea?

A

Urea: 25%
Liquid nano urea: 85-90%

94
Q

Price of 45 kg bag of urea under urea subsidy?

A

Ra. 242 / 45 kg

95
Q

Actual cost of bag of urea?

A

Rs. 2200

96
Q

Nutrient based subsidy for Kharif Season?

A

Rs. 38,000 crore

97
Q

Current fertilizer subsidy of 2024-25?

A

Rs. 37,000 crore

98
Q

C:N:P:S ratio of Indian soil?

A

144: 10: 1.4: 1.8

99
Q

Which nutrient stimulates photosynthesis?

A

chlorine

100
Q

Which soil has a dark coloured surface horizon and are quite fertile

A

Mollisols
(Grassland)

101
Q

2nd largest groups of soil after inceptisol?

A

Entisol
14%

102
Q

Formative and grand growth phase is critical for?

A

Sugarcane

103
Q

Deficiency of these minerals are seen in terminal buds and tips of leaves

A

Least mobile nutrients: Ca & Bo

104
Q

Deficiency of these minerals are seen in younger and older leaves, but not all

A

Moderately mobile minerals: Zn

105
Q

Soil that contains highly degraded OM, they have relatively higher pH values are also found in Kashmir, HP, Assam, and some other states. Identify the soil

A

Mucky Soil

105
Q

Elements which promote growth and may be essential for some plant species, but are not required by all plants.

A

Beneficial Nutrients

106
Q

Watershed Development Fund was built in NABARD, what is the broad objetive of the fund?

A

Unification of multiplicity of watershed development programmes

107
Q

Jiwi Daah Hasa, this high-impact mega watershed project aims to restore life, water and earth in X state’s most disadvantaged areas. The name comes from Adivasi languages Santhali and others and means ‘life’, ‘water’ and ‘earth’ respectively. X is?

A

Jharkhand

108
Q

A term used to describe both P-sorption and P-precipitation, which reduce phosphorus availability.

A

Phosphorus Fixation

109
Q

a soil with great P-fixation capacity has less available phosphorus after fertilisation than a soil with low ____ capacity?

A

P-fixation

110
Q

Which nutrient increases Phosphorus availability in the soil?

A

Sulphur & lime

111
Q

Which nutrient can decrease phosphorus availability in:
1. Acidic soil
2. Alkaline soil

A
  1. Fe & Al - for acidic soil
  2. Ca - for alkaline & Nitrogen
112
Q

Low analysis fertilizer contain less than what % of Primary nutrients?

A

25%

113
Q

The budget allocation for fertilizer aubsidy for 2024-25 is Rs. 1.64 L crore. This is a ____% decrease from the revised estimate of 2023-24

A

13.8%

Also a 5 year low

114
Q

A sapric organic soil that are saturated for > 30 cumulative days in normal years or are artificially drained. An example would be a soil made up of humus from drained swampland.

A

Mucky soil

115
Q

Soils with high ____ ratio are often used as mulch to control weeds in gardens and specialty crops

A

C:N

NABARD Agri (19 decks)

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