Soil Science 3 Flashcards
Gypsum nutralises which soil condition?
salinity, acidity, alkalinity, …
Soil Salinity
BD of Organic Matter and sandy soil is?
OM: 0.5 g/cc
Sandy: 1.6 g/cc
Density of solid particles collectively
aka True Density
Particle Density
It is 2.65g/cc for normal soil
Very fine or Very thin, Fine or thin, Medium, Coarse or thick, very coarse or very thick are used to classify?
Class of Soil Structure
Ability of soil to produce a particular crop or sequence of crops under a specified mgmt system: “Crop producing capacity of soil”
Soil Productivity
Ability of soil to supply essential nutrients to plants?
Soil Fertility
“All productive soils are fertile soils but all fertile soils are not productive soils”
Which State has the highest problematic soil?
Kerala
Also the highest acidic soil 24.26%
Which state has the highest saline soil?
Gujarat @ 15.59%
Fertiliser that is manufactured in Nangal
Prevents development of acidity in soil
Aka Kisan Khaad
CAN
Calc Ammonium Nitrate
Which of the following field crop can tolerate maximum acidity in soil?
Oats
Which crop is least salt tolerant?
Bengal Gram
Gabions are rectangular galvanised wire baskets used to control?
Stream Bank Erosion
Government of India, World Bank and State government of which states signed a USD 115 million MoU in 2022 for Rejuvenating Watersheds for Agriculture Resilience through innovative development programme to improve watershed management practices and increase farmers resilience to climate change
Karnataka & Odisha
What are the ways watersheds can be classified?
By size and by area
A watershed of size <250 km2 is called?
Small
A watershed of size 250-2500 km2 is called?
Medium
A watershed of size >2500 km2 is called
Large
What are the area based classification of watersheds?
10-100 ha, 100-1k ha, 1k-10k ha, 10k-50k ha, 50k-2L ha
Mini, Micro, Mili, Sub, Macro Watershed
if watershed is 48000 ha in size, it can be called?
sub-water shed
Downward movement of water through saturated or nearly saturated soil in response to gravity
Percolation
Lateral seepage of water in relatively previous soil above a less pervious layer?
Interflow
Which nutrient stimulates photosynthesis?
chlorine
Formative and grand growth phase is critical for?
Sugarcane
Deficiency of these minerals are seen in terminal buds and tips of leaves
Least mobile nutrients: Ca & Bo
Deficiency of these minerals are seen in younger and older leaves, but not all
Moderately mobile minerals: Zn
Soil that contains highly degraded OM, they have relatively higher pH values are also found in Kashmir, HP, Assam, and some other states. Identify the soil
Mucky Soil
Elements which promote growth and may be essential for some plant species, but are not required by all plants.
Beneficial Nutrients
Watershed Development Fund was built in NABARD, what is the broad objetive of the fund?
Unification of multiplicity of watershed development programmes
Jiwi Daah Hasa, this high-impact mega watershed project aims to restore life, water and earth in X state’s most disadvantaged areas. The name comes from Adivasi languages Santhali and others and means ‘life’, ‘water’ and ‘earth’ respectively. X is?
Jharkhand
A term used to describe both P-sorption and P-precipitation, which reduce phosphorus availability.
Phosphorus Fixation
a soil with great P-fixation capacity has less available phosphorus after fertilisation than a soil with low ____ capacity?
P-fixation
Which nutrient increases Phosphorus availability in the soil?
Sulphur & lime
Which nutrient can decrease phosphorus availability in:
1. Acidic soil
2. Alkaline soil
- Fe & Al - for acidic soil
- Ca - for alkaline & Nitrogen
Low analysis fertilizer contain less than what % of Primary nutrients?
25%
The budget allocation for fertilizer aubsidy for 2024-25 is Rs. 1.64 L crore. This is a ____% decrease from the revised estimate of 2023-24
13.8%
Also a 5 year low
A sapric organic soil that are saturated for > 30 cumulative days in normal years or are artificially drained. An example would be a soil made up of humus from drained swampland.
Mucky soil
Soils with high ____ ratio are often used as mulch to control weeds in gardens and specialty crops
C:N
A systematic numerical & letter colour notation for designations of Hue, Value & Chroma
Munsell chart
The notation 1.5 YR 5/6 in the Munsell Chart represents?
1.5 YR = Hue
5 = Value
6 = Chroma
Mohs Scale is used to determine?
Soil Hardness
Size of Peds represents? Shape and arrangement represents?
Class = size
Shape = Type
Upper vertex of soil triangle represents?
Clay
Left = Sand, Right = silt
As fineness inc BD ___
decreases
PD increases
Field test used to determine the amt of clay in soil?
Ribbon test
Test can be used to determine the percentage of sand, silt, clay in soil
Jar test
Field Capacity is measured in soils with uniform ____ & ____
structure & texture
Factors that affect Field Capacity other than Structure & texture?
- Clay type
- Soil Layering
- Depth of Groundwater
Moisture content at different tensions during wetting of soil varies from moisture content at the same tensions during drying is?
Soil Hysteresis
____ phenomenon is the only source of recharge of groundwater which can be used through wells for irrigation
Percolation
Example of 2:1 Expanding clay?
Montmorillonite
What type of material is used to coat nano–coated fertilizers?
Organic or inorganic nanomaterials
Types of nano-coated fertilizers?
- Nano-encapsulated
- Polymer coated
- Inorganic Nano-coated
Inorganic - metal nano for improved soil health
Soil Day is on? Its theme?
5th Dec
Caring for Soils: Measure, Monitor, Manage
