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NABARD Agri 2025 > Horticulture > Flashcards

Horticulture Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of the word ‘Horticulture’

A

From Latin Words:
Hortus + cultura
garden + cultivation

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2
Q

Fruits that can ripen off the plant

A

Climacteric Fruits
Eg: Banana, peach, mango, papaya

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3
Q

Fruits that are harvested after the ripen on the tree

A

Non-Climacteric Fruits
Eg: Grapes, Oranges, Cherry

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4
Q

Development of seedless fruits is known as? Hormones used to induce this?

A

Parthocarpy
Auxin & Gibberellic Acid

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5
Q

How many horiculture zones are there in India?

A

3
Tropical
Sub-tropical
Temperate

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6
Q

Asexual modes of reproduction in plants?

A

Apomixis
Parthenocarpy

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7
Q

Fruits with seeds, that are genetically identical to the mother cell

A

Apomixis

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8
Q

A nursery layout that facilitates interculture?
A nursery layout that is the most common layout?

A

Rectangular
Square

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9
Q

Hexagonal Nursery Layout accomodates ___% more plants

A

15%

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10
Q

A nursery layout similar to square, but with 1 additional plant that is short lived in nature. The number of plants per acre is almost doubled in this system

A

Quincunx
or diagonal system of plant

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11
Q

Giving direction to plant

A

Training

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12
Q

Altering shape or size of plant to promote growth, health and flowering

A

Pruning

Done to divert energy from 1 part to another

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13
Q

A training system where the central part dominates - the plant shows pronounced apical dominance sides don’t grow much.
Give an example

A

Central Leader System
Eg: Rose, apple

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14
Q

A system where the main stem is allowed to grow up to a certain height, then growth of lateral branches are promoted

A

Open Centre System

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15
Q

Modified Approach is followed for which plants?

A

Apple, Pear
Mid-day system

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16
Q

A system where plants are trained on wires/pergolas? Give Examples

A

Cordon system
Eg: Grapes, passion fruit, small ground

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17
Q

Pruning height for Low Head Pruning?

A

0.7-0.9 m

Low head = 79 (<1m)

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18
Q

Medium head pruning height?

A

0.9-1.2m

Medium head = 912 (1m-1.2m)

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19
Q

High head pruning height?

A

> 1.2m

LH = 79, MH = 912, HH = 12 (>1m)

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20
Q

A form of low pruning to about 2m upto stem

A

Pollarding

Used in silver oak in tea orchards

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21
Q

Scientific name of Silver Oak

A

Grevillea robusta

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22
Q

A pruning method where entire branches are removed, from its base, leaving no stubs. It is used when trees are too dense with leaves.

A

Thinning Out

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23
Q

Cutting of main stem or all or few of the branches, leaving a basal portion

A

Heading Back

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24
Q

When is Heading back (pruning) done in plants in North India and South India?

A

North: Jan
South: Aug

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25
Q

Heading back of grapes is done in the month of?

A

October

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26
Q

A method where the young buds (vegetative or reproductive) are nipped, without giving them a chance to sprout. To make terminal buds give a bigger flower

A

Disbudding/
Rubbing off

Eg: Rose

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27
Q

System that refers to the removal of the tip of the shoot along with the bud - to stimulate mildly lateral growth. It is mostly practivced in which plants?

A

Pinching & Topping
Coffee & Cottom

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28
Q

Removing the top or central growing point to encouage side shoots to develop, and create a bushier plant by removing old & spent flowers during the plant’s growing season - encouraging side shoots to develop

A

Deadheading

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29
Q

When is pruning for apples, peaches and plums done? Which methods are followed for these crops?

A

Late Winter (Dec-Jan)
Thinning + Heading Back

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30
Q

When is pruning of Mango Done?

A
  1. Winter (Sept-Oct)
  2. After Harvest
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31
Q

When is Heading back and Thinning (pruning) of ber done?

A

Summer (April-May)

Ber & South indian grape - Summer Pruning

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32
Q

A specialise dpruning technique to rejuvinate a plant that has stopped bearing fruits by grafting on pruned branches? Give Examples?

A

Top Working
Mango, Cashew, Apple

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33
Q

Fruit where specific gravity ranged from 1.01-1.02 and TSS reaches 11-15 degree Brix (sugar content) upon ripening

A

Mango

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34
Q

A fruit where pulp-peel ratio reaches 1.2-1.6 and taken 3-3.5 months to ripen post shooting?

A

Banana

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35
Q

TSS requirement for grape to be harvested?

A

16-24%

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36
Q

A dull hollow sound is produced when the fruit is tapped and has an aromatic odour upon ripening

A

Jackfruit

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37
Q

Fruit that is ready to harvest 135-140 days after anthesis

A

Pomegranate

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38
Q

Half-slip stage is a necessary identification of ripening of which fruit?

A

Musk Melon

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39
Q

Harvest is decided unpon standard set by ISO for minimum juice content of 25-35% depending upon variety

A

Citrus

25% - limes, Oranges & grape - 35%

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40
Q

Out of Groundnut, horsegram, soybean, which belongs to the pea family?

A

All 3

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41
Q

Cashew, Papaya and Red Sanders are native to which country?

A

Cashew - Brazil
Papaya - Mexico
Red Sanders - India

42
Q

Origin of Mango?

A

Indo Burma

43
Q

Which variety of mango is suitable for highdensity planting (HDP)

A

Amrapali

HDP = 5m x 5m (400 plants/ha)

44
Q

A juicy variety of mango with Andhra GI tag?

A

Banganapalli

45
Q

Mango with the best export variety that is most susceptible to spongy tissue

46
Q

Sweet late variety mango of north india?

47
Q

Early variety of mango from north india

A

Bombay Green

48
Q

Kesar varitety of mango is from?

49
Q

A north indian mango variety that has turpentine flavour

50
Q

An off season - winter - variety of mango?

51
Q

Mango variety ideal for long transport

A

Lal Sindoori

Aka Honey Mango, Rajira Mango, lalbagh mango

52
Q

Fazli mango belongs to which state?

A

West bengal & Bihar

53
Q

Dasheri variety of mango is found in?

54
Q

Himsagar variety is from?

55
Q

Jardalu mango is from?

56
Q

Edayur Chilli is from which state?

A

Kerala

Mango

57
Q

Amrapali & Mallika is a hybrid of?

A

Dashaeri X Neelum
Neelum x Dashaeri

A = D x N ; M = N x D

58
Q

A flower inducing chemical for mango used to cure alternate bearing in north indian varieties

A

Paclobutrazol

59
Q

Black tip is a disorder of which fruit? it is caused by?

A

Mango
Pollution, High sulphur and carbon monoxide & dioxide

60
Q

Clustering or jhumka problem, due to low temperatures or improper pollination is seen in?

61
Q

Which alphonso like fruits do not suffer from Spongy Tissue?

A

Arka Puneet, Ratna

62
Q

Pollination in mangois mostly done by?

63
Q

Varieties of Banana?

A

Dessert
Culinary
Dual

64
Q

Robusta, Dwarf Cavendish, Grand Naine, Nendran are popular varieties of?

A

Dessert Bananas

65
Q

Manthan, Ash, Chakkia are varieties of?

A

Culinary Bananas

66
Q

A dual purpose variety of banana?

67
Q

A GI tagged red banana of Karnataka

A

Kamalpur banana
aka Rich man’s fruit

68
Q

Wet Land banana and gardenland banana is planted in which season?

A
  • Summer (around April)
  • Winter (Nov-Feb)
69
Q

Hill banana and those of Padugai lands is cultivated in?

A
  • Summer/Monsoon (June-August)
  • Winter or Monsoon (Jan-Feb or Aug-Sept)
70
Q

Sigatoka leaf spot is a disease of?

A

Banana

fungal disease

71
Q

Bunchy top of banana is caused by?

A

Banana Aphid: Pentalonia nigronervosa

Virus

72
Q

Matti Banana is a GI tag of?

A

Kanyakumari

Banana

73
Q

Nanjangul is a Banana that is GI tagged for?

A

Mysore region

74
Q

Panama Disease in Banana is caused by?

A

Fungus Fusarium Oxysporium

75
Q

Harvest of Banana can be after how many days?

A

100-150 days
after flowering

76
Q

3 types of Citrus and their scientific name?

A
  1. Mandarin (Citrus reticulate)
  2. Sweet Orange (C. sinensis)
  3. Kagzi lime (C. aurantifolia)
77
Q

Varieties of Mandarin Oranges (C. reticulate)?

A

Laddu, Coorg, Kinnow (cross btw King Sweet x willow leaf)

78
Q

Common methods of grafting in orange?

A

T-budding or Patch budding

popular in sweet orange (C.sinensis)

79
Q

Granulation, caused by high temp, RH, is a disorder in which crop?

80
Q

Exanthema in oranges occur due to?

A

Copper deficiency

81
Q

Yellow leaf in citrus is due to?

A

Mo Deficiency

82
Q

Die back, a disorder of citrus, is due to?

A

Cu deficiency

83
Q

Little leaf of citrus, brinjal, etc. is caused due to?

A

Copper & Zinc

84
Q

Yellow pigment of papaya is due to?

A

Caricaxanthin

85
Q

Seed rate of papaya is?

86
Q

seed rate of a dioecius papaya plant

one where male and female occur on different plants

A

400-500g/ha

86
Q

Pusa Nanha is a variety of which plant?

87
Q

high density variety of papaya

A

Pusa Nanha

88
Q

Irish Peach, Zouches Pipin, Carrington Are varieties of which crop

89
Q

Crown Gall is a disease of the apple crop, caused by?

A

Agrobacterium tumifaciens

90
Q

Fire blight is a problem seen in?

91
Q

Apple scab is caused by?

A

Fungus Venturia subinaequalis

92
Q

Sanjose Scale is a disease of the crop?

93
Q

Pomegranate scientific name and origin country?

A

Punica granatum
Iran

94
Q

Bahar treatment is done to?

A

Induce flowering in pomegranate

95
Q

Types of Bahar treatment done and their time

A
  • Ambe Bahar - Jan to Feb
  • Mrig Bahar - June to July
  • Hasta Bahar - Sept to Oct

Hasta Bahar is most recommended - bacterial blight low

96
Q

Seedless variety of pomegranate?

A

Jalore seedless
Rajasthan

97
Q

Ganesh, jyoti and dolka are varieties of?

A

Pomegranate

98
Q

Propagation of Pomegranate?

A

Stem cutting and Air layering

99
Q

Bower system of training is related to which crop?

NABARD Agri 2025 (26 decks)

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