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NABARD Agri > Farm Mechanisation > Flashcards

Farm Mechanisation Flashcards

1
Q

As per ICAR assessment, which agri operation utilises farm mechanisation the most?

A

Seed bed preparation - more than 70%

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2
Q

As per ICAR assessment, which agri operation utilises farm mechanisation the least?

A

harvesting & threshing operations - <32%

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3
Q

As per ICAR assessment, which 2 cereals have the highest share of farm mechanisation in threshing and harvesting?

A

Rice & Wheat 60-70%

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4
Q

Share of Ground Level Credit (GLC) for farm mechanisation of the total for agriculture is?

A

2.73%

According to NABARD 2018 report

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5
Q

In which crop is mechanisation level highest for sowing?

A

Wheat at 65%

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6
Q

According to NABARD 2018 report on Farm Mechanisation, overall % of Farm Mechanisation in India is?

A

40-45%
i.e.

about 40 acres in every 100 acres is mechanised

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7
Q

Which multi-lingual app by MoAFW is the ‘uberisation of agriculture’?

A

FARMS app
Farm Machinery Solution

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8
Q

Which country produces 1/3rd of the world’s tractors and is the world’s largest tractor producer?

A

India

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9
Q

Which scheme aims to promote in-situ management of Crop Residue to control the air pollution problem of NW India?

A

Promotionof Agricultural Mechanisation Scheme

Subsidises machinery required for in-situ management of crop residue

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10
Q

When was the scheme ‘Promotion of Agricultural Mechanisation’ launched?

A

2018-19

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11
Q

Acc to world Bank by when will half of India’s population be urban? What will be the share of workers in agriculture by then?

A

2050
25.7% by 2050

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12
Q

Because of Farm Mechanisation consumption of seed fertiliser has reduced by?

A

15-20%

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13
Q

Because of Farm Mechanisation cropping intensity has increased by?

A

5-20%

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14
Q

Because of Farm Mechanisation efficiency has increased by?

A

15-20%

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15
Q
  1. Reduced Consumption of Seed Fertilizer
  2. Increased cropping intensity
  3. Decrease in human power availability
  4. Increased efficiency
    Which of the above are benefits of farm mechanisation seen in India?
A

1, 2 & 4
3 - Increase in human power availability since 2014 to 2018

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16
Q

Because of Farm Mechanisation Available Human Power in Agriculture has increased to?

A

2.49 kW in 2018-19

From 0.77 kW in 2014-15

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17
Q

Target of GoI is to increase human power availability in agriculture to 4kW by?

A

2030

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18
Q

What is the Degree of Farm Mechanisation in India?

A

47% as of 2021-22
is mechanised in India

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19
Q

What is Degree of Farm Mechanisation?

A

Mechanical Power/Cultivable Area

amount of mechanical power per unit of cultivable area

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20
Q

Sources of Farm Power are?

A

Human, Animal, Machinery, Electrical, Renewable

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21
Q

Power of an Average Human and an average pair of bullocks on a farm?

A

Human: 0.1 HP
Animal: 1 HP

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22
Q

World’s First Tractor by George H Harris was introduced in Chicago in which year?

A

1890

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23
Q

Power tiller was first introduced where and when?

A

In Japan, in 1947

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24
Q

Tractor manufacturing was started in India first by and when?

A

By M/s Eicher Good Earth
in 1960-61

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25
Q

When was power tillers 1st introduced in India?

A

1963

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26
Q

Who started producing Ford Tractors and When?

A

Escorts Limited
1971

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27
Q

3 Types of tractors?

A

Wheel, Crawler, Walking/Power/Small

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28
Q

Walking Type Tractor is also known as?

A

Power Tiller or Small Tractor

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29
Q

Power of tractor to be considered for a Land Holding?

A

1HP for 2ha of land
i.e 20-25HP for 40ha of land

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30
Q

Power of tractor recommended for fields with adequate irrigation facility

A

1.5 ha/HP
Eg: 30-35 HP for 40 ha of land

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31
Q

In India, 4 wheel tractor for agricultural operations are fitted with engines with how much power?

A

25-80 HP

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32
Q

In India, Walking Type tractors are fitted with engines of power?

A

8-12 HP

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33
Q

What is the average land holding of a farmer in India?

A

1.08 ha

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34
Q

When were power tillers introduced in India?

A

In 1963 - from Japan

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35
Q

Tyre Inflation pressure of Power Tillers ranges from?

A

1.1 - 1.4 kg/cm2

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36
Q

A plough that forms a V-Shaped furrow with 15-20cm top and 12-15cm depth

A

Indigenous Plough

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37
Q

What is the capacity of the - animal drawn - indegenous plough?

A

0.4 ha/day in 8 hours

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38
Q

A plough that does 4 jobs (CLIP) and are available for multiple types of tractors

A

Mould Board (MB) Plough

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39
Q

MB Plough has 4 jobs, they are?

A

CLIP
Cutting the Furrow Slice
Lifting the Furrow Slice
Inverting the Furrow Slice
Pulverising the Furrow Slice

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40
Q

What is the capacity of the MB Plough?

A

1.5-2 ha/day

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41
Q

Disc angles and Tilt angles of the Disc Plough - imp

A

Disc Angle: 40-45 degree
Tilt Angle: 15-25 degree

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42
Q

A Primary tillage implement that is specifically used where MB plough is not useful and is necessary for deep ploughing

A

Disc Plough

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43
Q

A Primary Tillage implement that is designed to break up hard layers or pans without bringing them to the surface - imp

A

Sub-Soil Plough

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44
Q

Primary Tillage implement used for breaking hard pans and for deep ploughing (60-70 cm) without disturbing top layer much

A

Chisel Plough

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45
Q

A Primary Tillage Implement has 2 MB Ploughs, one for turning the soil to the right and the other for turning to the left

A

Ridge Plough

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46
Q

A Primary Tillage Implement that cuts through and pulversises the soil, done by either blades or tynes and is used on light soils

A

Rotary Plough

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47
Q

A heavy implement with 1 or 2 MBs, Used to form listed furrows (broken furrows with small dams and basins) to prevent free runoff from rainfall and blowing off the soil in low rainfall areas

A

Basin Lister

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48
Q

Which Secondary Tillage Equipment is also known as tiller or tooth harrow?

A

Tractor Drawn Cultivator

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49
Q

Which Secondary Tillage Equipment is used for finer operations like breaking clods and working it to a fine tilth during seedbed preparation

A

Tractor Drawn Cultivator

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50
Q

A cultivator that can be used in fields practising stubble mulch farming - where ordinary implements don’t work due to clogging

A

Sweep Cultivator

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51
Q

Capacity of Sweep Cultivator?

A

1.75-2.5 Ha/day

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52
Q

What type of cultivator can also be used as a harvesting implement for groundnut?

A

Sweep Cultivator

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53
Q

Managing the weed and bringing the seedbed to finer tilth in shallow cultivation for operations like preparation of seedbed, destroying weeds, etc.

A

Harrow.
2 types: Disc and blade harrow

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54
Q

Capacity of Disc Harrow

A

2.5 ha/day

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55
Q

Indigenous Blade Harrow is aka

A

Guntaka
It consists of a beam

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56
Q

This tillage implement has teeth resembling long spikes to smoothen or level the land

A

Spike Tooth Harrow

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57
Q

Spike Tooth Harrow is aka?

A

Peg Tooth Harrow, Drag Harrow, Section Harrow or Smoothing Harrow

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58
Q

Capacity for Junior Hoe Cultivator

A

1.5 Ha/day

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59
Q

Tillage implement that throws soil to the right and left - operating in tendem

A

Offset Disc Harrow

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60
Q

Considered the most important tillage implement it Provides a fine degree of soil pulverisation. It is directly mounted on the tractor

A

Rotary Tiller

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61
Q

Benefits of Rotary Tiller

A
  1. Effective pulverisation ensures good plant growth
  2. Cutting & mixing of stubbles & roots, and mixing with soils
  3. Levelling the Field
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62
Q

3 Different Types of Blades used in Rotary Tiller

A
  1. L type Blade
  2. Twisted Blade
  3. Straight Blade
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63
Q

Stangnant water of how much height is must for rice cultivation

A

5-20cm

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64
Q

Water stagnation of 0-30 cm in paddy cultivation is considered deep, intermediate or shallow?

A

Shallow

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65
Q

water depth of 0-50cm in paddy cultivation is considered as?

A

Intermediate

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66
Q

Stangnant water of 0-100 cm for 5-6 months for paddy cultivation is considered?

A

Semi-deep

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67
Q

Water level more than 1m and may reach 3-5m for paddy cultivation, they are called? Rice sown in these areas are called?

A

Deep water
Floating Rice

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68
Q

Secondary tillage implement that churns soil and water together to form an impermeable layer so that water doesn’t trickle down.

A

Puddler

69
Q

Name the 8 primary tillage implements

A

MID-SCRBR
Mould Board Plough
Indigenous Plough
Disc Plough
Sub-Soil Plough
Chisel Plough
Ridge Plough
Basin Plough
Rotary Plough

70
Q

Plough specifically used where MB Plough is not useful

A

Disc Plough

71
Q

Secondary Tillage implements used for Rice Cultivation

A

PLCC
Puddler
Long Handle Weeder
Cultipacker
Cage Wheels

72
Q

Mechanisation level for sowing is highest for?

A

Wheat at 64%

73
Q

Name the Horticulture Implements

A
  1. Post hole dibbler
  2. Dibbler
  3. Tractor operated Turmeric Harvestor
  4. Tractor drawn canopy shake
  5. Self Propelled Harvesting Unit
  6. Power Tiller
  7. Mowers

Polite Diggers Tend Tunes, Shake crops, Harvest, Power Mowers

74
Q

Name Post Harvest Machineries

A
  1. Sickle
  2. Mower
  3. Self-Propelled Paddy Harvestor
  4. Combined

Sick Mo Combines Paddy Harvest

75
Q

A machine used for placing seeds in a continuous stream in furrows at uniform rate and at controlled depth with an arrangement of covering the seeds with soil

A

Seed Drill

76
Q

Types of Furrow openers

A

4 types:
- Shovel Type - stony fields
- Shoe Type - Black soil
- Hoe Type - Loose soil
- Disc Type - Single disc: sticky soil, Double Disk: trashy soil

77
Q

A sowing equipment for sowing larger seeds which cannot be handled by seed drills.

A

Planters

78
Q

which fruits are difficult to transplant?

A

Watermelon, Musk melon, Squash Cucumber

79
Q

Capacity of manual paddy transplanter?

A

1.25 ha/day

80
Q

Capacity of Self-Propelled or Automatic Paddy Transplanter?

A

0.05-0.1 ha/hr

81
Q

Range of High Volume Sprayer, Low Volume Sprayer and Ultra Low Volume sprayer?

A

HV: >400 L/ha
LV: 5-400 L/ha
ULV: <5L/ha

82
Q

Example of LV sprayer and their ranges

A

Hand Atomizer: 45-100 L/ha
Rock Sprayer: 70-90L/ha
Pedal Sprayer: 110-135 L/ha

83
Q

Capacity of Rock sprayer & Pedal Sprayer

A

R = 1.5 ha/day
P = 1 ha/da

84
Q

Example of High Volume Sprayer

A

Knapsack Sprayer (hand operated & motorised)

85
Q

Pressure, Capacity and Application Rate of Knapsack Sprayer?

A

P = 3-12 kg/cm2
C = 0.5-1 ha/day
R = 500 L/day

86
Q

Parboiling is a term associated with?

A

Rice

87
Q

Water soluble vitamins in rice?

A

Niacin, riboflavin, thiamin
present in germ & pericarp

88
Q

Where was parboiling of rice developed and why?

A

In India
To reduce post harvest losses

89
Q

The terms Scouring/Pearling/Whitening is associated with?

A

Rice

90
Q

By product of scouring is?

A

Rice Bran
Animal feed and oil extraction

91
Q

Early maturing varieties of paddy take how many days for harvest?

A

110 days

92
Q

Late maturing varieties of paddy take how many days for harvest?

A

130-136 days

93
Q

Medium maturing varieties of paddy take how many days for harvest?

A

113 to 125 days

94
Q

Fixed cost of a tractor include?

A
  • Depreciation
  • Interest on capital
  • Housing
  • Insurance
  • Taxes
95
Q

Operation cost of a tractor is?

A
  • Fuel
  • Lubricants
  • Repairs and Maintenance
  • Wages
96
Q

Which states have a vast potential for wind energy?

A

Southern and western states

97
Q

India has the ___ highest wind installed capacity in the world

A

4th

98
Q

Wind power capacity is highest in which state? It has a share of?

A

Tamil Nadu 29%
Followed by Maharashtra

99
Q

Wind power capacity in the past 6 years has grown 1.8 times to ___

A

38.26 GW

100
Q

National institute of wind energy is located in? It is under ministry of?

A

Chennai
MoNRE

101
Q

India’s rank in Solar Power Capacity?

A

4th

102
Q

India’s largest Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) under SECI, MoNRE, is located in?

A

Rajnandgaon, Chattisgarh

103
Q

India’s largest solar tree is located in? It is by?

A

Durgapur
By CSIR-CMERI

104
Q

India’s installed renewable energy target wrt to the 2015 Paris Agreement is?

A

175 GW Renewable by 2022
Where, 100 (solar) + 60 (wind) + 10 (biomass) + 5 (small hydro) = 175 GW

105
Q

World’s Largest Solar Power Plant is called, it’s located in?

A

Bhadla Solar Park
Rajasthan

106
Q

India’s Largest Hybrid Renewable Energy Park is in?

A

Kutch, Gujarat

107
Q

2nd largest solar park in India?

A

Shakti Sithala Solar Power Plant,
Tumakuru Karnataka

108
Q

3rd largest solar park in India?

A

Ultra Mega Solar Park
Kurnool, AP

109
Q

OSOWOG was launched whe and where?

A

in 2018
at the 1st ISA Assembly

110
Q

Share of total primary energy coming from biomass is? Share of India’s population depending on it?

A

32%
>70%

111
Q

National Policy for Management of Crop Residue was launched in?

A

2014

112
Q

Estimated crop residue generated annually? Which state is the highest generator?

A

500 Mt
UP, followed by Punjab

113
Q

When was the Crop Residue Management scheme for North India launched?

A

2018-19

114
Q

Financial Assistance to farmers for purchasing machinery under Crop Residue Management Scheme is?

A

50%

115
Q

Financial Assistance to Cooperative Societies, FPOs and Panchayats for establishing CHCs under Crop Residue Management Scheme is?

A

80%

116
Q

When was The Crop Residue Management Scheme for North India, merged with SMAM then RKVY?

A

2022

117
Q

Target year for blending 20% ethanol in petrol in National Policy on Biofuels

A

2025

118
Q

National Policy on Biofuels was launched in?

A

2018

119
Q

1st Gen biofuels use?

A

food sources like sugar, starch, vegetable oil

120
Q

2nd generation Biofuels use?

A

Non-food crops like stems, husks
or Municipal Solid Waste

121
Q

3rd Gen Biofuels use?

A

micro-organisms like algae

122
Q

4th Gen biofuels are characterised by?

A

They are carbon negative
GMO crops with higher carbon intake —2nd gen tech—> Fuel—> geo-sequestered

123
Q

Recommendation of Shant Kumar Committee for Grain Storage

A
  • To implement Food Security Act - 61 MMT
  • Create Strategic Reserve - 5 MMT
  • Use as Forex Reserve sufficient for import - 3MMT wheat & 2MMT rice
124
Q

Capacity of Traditional Storage type and improved storage type?

A

T = 1-50 tonnes
I = 1.5-150 tonnes

125
Q

What is traditional type of storage aka?

A

12 types:
Morai, Bukhari, Kothar, Mud Kothi, Muda, Kanaj, Kuthla, Metal, Steel Bin, Bag

126
Q

What does the word CAP mean in Grain Storage and its main purpose is?

A

CAP means Cover (top) and Plinth (bottom)
Open Storage suitable for Short transits

127
Q

Silage is aka?

A

Storage fodder

128
Q

Types of silos?

A

Deep (Vertical)
- Flat Bottom
- Hopper Bottom
Shallow (Squat)

129
Q

Types of Farm Silos

A

2 types:
- Tower
- Horizontal - Pit & Trench

130
Q

Storage structure used mostly in dairy farms can be surface level or below surface level?

A

Horizontal Silo

131
Q

Spoilage of sillage in Horizontal Silo?

A

20-30%

132
Q

A storage structure that’s a circular deep well, made in areas in with low water-table, lined on all sides, sealed from the bottom so that water may not rise into it.

A

Pit silos

133
Q

An easily made storage structure, preferably built on sloping ground to facilitate drainage where walls are lined with bricks, concrete or cement with reinforcing wire mesh

A

Trench Silo

134
Q

What is the difference between Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) & Controlled Atmosphere Packaging (CAP)?

A

The MAP is Fixed, the CAP can be Adjusted
MAP - fixed gas mixture (changes over time naturally)
CAP - Gas mixture can be adjusted as needed

135
Q

NAFED - National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India - was lauched on?

A

2nd Oct 1958

136
Q

Which nodal agency is responsible for implementing the price stabilizing measures under Operation Greens? Under which ministry is Operation Greens?

A

NAFED
Ministry of Food Processing Industries

137
Q

Under which scheme is Operation Greens (2018)?

A

PM Krishi Sampada Yojana - 2017 (PM KSY)
Ministry of Food Processing Industry

138
Q

How many crops are under Operation Greens under PMKSY?

A

Initially TOP then in 2020,
all 22 perishable crops

139
Q

Mega Food Park Project (2008) under PMKSY is being implemented by?

A

Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)
Registered under Companies Act

140
Q

Scheme funded by World Bank & Centre, to help cottage industries, FPO & individual food processors, to bolster unorganised food processing sector by increasing capacity, upgrade technology, entrepreneurship development, etc.

A

Gram Samriddhi Yojana

141
Q

Aim of Agri Export Policy 2018?

A
  • Double Agri Exports: from $30 - $60 billion by 2022
  • Enable farmers to get benefit of export opportunities in overseas market
  • Representatives from ministries, agencies & state governments to oversee implementation of policy
  • Promote ethnic, organic, traditional & non-traditional Agri-product exports
142
Q

Under Scheme for Formalisation of micro food Processing Enterprises (FME), individual micro units get credit linked subsidy at ____ for project cost up to ____

A

Subsidy at 35%
For project cost up to Rs. 10 lakh

143
Q

Under Scheme for Formalisation of micro food Processing Enterprises (FME), seed capital for SHGs as loan is?

A

Rs. 4 lakh per SHG

144
Q

NIFTEM - National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Mangement is located in?

A

Haryana

145
Q

IIFPT - Indian institute of Food Processing Technology is located in?

A

Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu

146
Q

ICAR-CIPHET - Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, is located in?

A

Ludhiana, Punjab

147
Q

When was the SMAM scheme launched? How many parameters are there under the scheme?

A

2014-15
7 parameters

148
Q

Under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM), financial assistance provided for hiring of machinery?

A

40% to 50% depending on category of farmers

149
Q

Under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM), financial assistance provided for establishment of CHCs and Hi-tech hubs?

A

Upto 40%

150
Q

Under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM), financial assistance provided to cooperative societies, FPOs, panchayats for setting up Farmer Machinery Banks (FMBs) is? Also for NER?

A

80% of cost of FMB, upto 10 Lakh
95% of cost of FMB, upto 10 Lakh

151
Q

Under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM), financial assistance for Training and Demonstration is?

A

Training: Rs. 25 lakh
Demonstration: 100% at Rs 4000 per ha, upto Rs.100 per season

152
Q

Under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM), financial assistance to Farm Machinery Training to purchase drones and take up its demonstration?

A

100% assistance or Rs. 10 Lakh
Whichever is lower

153
Q

Under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM), financial assistance to FPOs for demonstration of drones?

A

75%

154
Q

Under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM), contingency expenditure provided to implementing agencies that do not want to purchase drones but will rent for demonstrations, from CHCs, Hi-tech hubs, drones, manufacturers, etc.

A

Rs. 6000 per ha

155
Q

Under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM), Agriculture Graduates establishing CHCs are eligible to receive a financial assistance for drone purchases of?

A

50% of basic cost of drone
OR
Upto Rs.5 lakh in grant
Whichever is lower

156
Q

Ministry of Civil Aviation and Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), have permitted drone operations through conditional exemption route of “Drone rules 2021”, published on?

A

25th Aug 2021

157
Q

A farming machinery used for removing weeds between crop rows?

A

Cultivator

158
Q

Which state has made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory to all houses?

A

Tamil Nadu

159
Q

What kind of tiller is a happy seeder?

A

No-till planter

160
Q

In North India, A happy seeder is used to?

A

To show wheat after paddy harvest

161
Q

Depth of deep and ordinary ploughing?

A

Ordinary: 50cm - rarely exceeds 20 cm or 8 inch
Deep: >50cm (>20 inch)

162
Q

Depth category of an indigenous plough is?

A

Ordinary
(<50cm)

163
Q

Depth category of chisel plough?

A

Deep (>50cm)
At 60-70cm

164
Q

Depth of water at the time of puddling? Depth of water after initial ploughing?

A

2.5 cm
5-10cm

165
Q

World Biofuel Day?

A

10 Aug

166
Q

Cono weeder is used for which crop and why?

A

Paddy
For weeding between rows of paddy crop

167
Q

Which state has the max CHCs? CHCs should ideally be located within a radius of ____ kms of land holdings

A

Punjab
5-7 kms

168
Q

A tractor mounted implement and depth of operation is controlled by hydraulic system. It is popular in black soils. This cultivator is mostly used in hard soils for shallow ploughing. identify

A

Duck Foot Cultivator

169
Q

Cattle showing advanced signs of pregnancy

A

Springer

NABARD Agri (20 decks)

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