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Pharmacology > Thyroid/Antithyroid Drugs > Flashcards

Thyroid/Antithyroid Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What cells make T3/T4?

A

Follicular cells

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2
Q

What cells make calcitonin?

A

Parafollicular cells

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3
Q

What is the name of the transporter that take Na and iodide into the follicular cell on the basolateral membrane?

A

NIS

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4
Q

What is the name of the transporter that take iodide and brings it into the lumen of the follicular cell?

A

Pendrin

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5
Q

What turns iodide into iodine?

A

TPO

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6
Q

What brings MITs and DITs into the follicular cell on the apical membrane?

A

Megalin

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7
Q

What breaks down MITs and DITs in the follicular cells so iodide can be used again?

A

Intercellular deiodinase

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8
Q

What binds to T3/T4 to be transported in the blood?

A

Thyroid binding globulin (TBG)

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9
Q

What turns T4 into T3?

A

Peripheral deiodinase

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10
Q

Stimulation of what receptor on basilar membrane causes production of T3/T4 and follicular cell reproduction?

A

Stimulation of TSH receptor

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11
Q

What actions do thyroid hormone cause to heart, respiration’s, protein synthesis, body weight, blood glucose, bone and nervous tissue? What does it do to Na/K pumps?

A 
positive chronotropic and inotropic effect
Increases respiration’s
Increases protein synthesis
Decreases weight
Increases BGL
Increases bone growth
Increases nervous tissue growth

Increases the number of Na/K pumps in the body

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12
Q

Pt with little to no nervous tissue can cause what? What can it lead to?

A

Cretinism

Lead to mental retardation

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13
Q

Why are the Sx of a pt w/ hypothyroidism(6)?

A 
Cretinism
Cold intolerance
weight gain
Lethargic
Constipation
Goiter
Myxedema
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14
Q

What is myxedema? What condition is it associated with?

A

Coma caused by respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

What are the Sx of a pt w/ hyperthyroidism(7)?

A 
Heat intolerance
Weight loss
Tachycardia
Diarrhea
Exophthalmos
Goiter
Increased BGL
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16
Q

What is exophthalmos? How is it caused?

A

Bulging eyes

Immune system attacks muscles and CT behind eye causing inflammation

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17
Q

How is goiter caused in hyperthyroidism? Hypothyroidism?

A

Hyperthyroidism-increase is TSI levels

Hypothyroidism-increase in TSH d/t feedback from low T3/T4

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18
Q

What deficiency can often cause goiter?

A

Iodine deficiency

19
Q

What is the number 1 cause of hypothyroidism? What does it attack?

A

Hashimotos disease

Antibodies attack TPO and thyroglobulin

20
Q

What edible substances can cause hypothyroidism?

A

Cabbage

21
Q

How can tumors cause hypothyroidism?

A

Tumors can steal nutrients for TSH production

22
Q

What can cause damage to follicular cells?

A

X-rays

Iodine deficiency

23
Q

What is the number 1 cause for hyperthyroidism? How is it caused?

A

Graves’ disease

TSI stimulates TSH receptors to keep increasing T3/T4 w/o a negative feedback response

24
Q

Where does a primary thyroid malfunction occur?

A

In the thyroid gland itself

25
Q

What does a pituitary malfunction occur?

A

In the anterior pituitary

26
Q

Where does a hypothalamic malfunction occur?

A

In the hypothalamus

27
Q

What is armour thyroid from? What type of thyroid hormones does it contain?

A

Porcine-derived

Contains both T3/T4

28
Q

What is the goal for TSH levels when a pt is on HRT? How big of a dose of T3/T4 should be given to lower TSH levels?

A

Goal is to have TSH levels at lower end of normal range

Give largest dose of T3/T4 to decrease TSH levels

29
Q

What is euthyroidism?

A

Thyroid levels are in normal range

30
Q

When on HRT, when should medication be taken, why?

A

Before breakfast because the food makes HRT less absorbed

31
Q

Out of T3 and T4, which medication has a quicker onset and shorter duration?

A

T3

32
Q

What is a black box warning for HRT? Why?

A

Contraindicated for pt w/ obesity

Can lead to HF

33
Q

When must a pt be taking insulin w/ their thyroid medication?

A

When taking synthroid

34
Q

What are the 3 forms of Tx for hyperthyroidism?

A

Anti thyroid drugs
Radiation
Surgical removal

35
Q

Why should a pt taking thyroid drugs, take the medication once daily in the morning?

A

Decrease chances of insomnia

36
Q

What Sx should be reported for a pt on thyroid medication(2)?

A

Chest pain

Heart palpitations

37
Q

How long does it take for therapeutic effects to occur when taking thyroid medication?

A

Several weeks (3-4wks)

38
Q

What must be done with HRT dosage to keep TSH levels at lower end of normal range?

A

Adjust dosage every 4 weeks

39
Q

What must DM pt taking thyroid medication do to their hypoglycemic medication?

A

Increase dosage

40
Q

What can happen to the baby if a mother is experiencing hypothyroidism while pregnant?

A

Cretinism(mental retardation)

41
Q

What should antithyroid medications be given w/? What time of day?

A

Food

Same time each day

42
Q

True or false: you can stop taking antithyroid medications abruptly?

A

False

43
Q

What decreases the effectiveness of antithyroid medications? What are some examples?

A

Eating foods high in iodine

Seafood
Soy sauce
Tofu
Iodized salt

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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