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Pharmacology > Final Exam Drugs > Flashcards

Final Exam Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Acetaminophen(Tylenol)? MOA? Indication?

A

Non-opioid analgesic

Cox 3 inhibitor

Antipyretic
Analgesic
HA
Ulcers
Coagulation disorders
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2
Q

What is hydromorphone(dilauded) MOA? Indication?

A

Strong opioid/CNS depressant

In spinal cord:

  • Decrease Ca2+ permeability on pre synapse to stop release of sub P and glutamate
  • increase K+ permeability on post synapse to hyperpolarize cell

Severe pain

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3
Q

What is methadone hydrochloride(dolophine)? MOA? Indication?

A

Strong opioid/CNS depressant

In spinal cord:

  • Decrease Ca2+ permeability on pre synapse to stop release of sub P and glutamate
  • increase K+ permeability on post synapse to hyperpolarize cell

Severe pain

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4
Q

What is morphine sulfate(Morphine)? MOA? Indication?

A

Strong opioid/ CNS depressant

In spinal cord:

  • Decrease Ca2+ permeability on pre synapse to stop release of sub P and glutamate
  • increase K+ permeability on post synapse to hyperpolarize cell

Severe pain

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5
Q

What is naloxone hydrochloride(Narcan)? Indication?

A

Opioid antagonist

Opioid overdose

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6
Q

What is phentermine(Ionamin) Indication?

A

Obesity

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7
Q

What is sumatriptan(Imitrex) indication?

A

Migraines

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8
Q

What is carbamazepine(Tegretol) indicated for?

A

Epilepsy

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9
Q

What is amiodarone(Cordarone,Pacerone) indicated for?

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

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10
Q

What is quinidine(Quinidex) indicated for?

A

Cardiac arrhythmia

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11
Q

What is isoniazid(INH)? MOA? Indication?

A

Isonicotinic acid

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Tuberculosis

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12
Q

What is sirolimus(Rapamune) indicated for?

A

Prevention of kidney transplant rejection

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13
Q

What is tacrolimus(Rapamune) indicated for?

A

Prevention of organ transplant rejection

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14
Q

What is lindane(Kwell) indicated for?

A

Scabies

Pediculosis(Lice)

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15
Q

What is latanoprost(Xalatan) indicated for?

A

Glaucoma

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16
Q

What is carbamide peroxide(Debrox)? Indication?

A

Cerumen

Earwax impaction

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17
Q

What is lidocaine(Xylocaine)? MOA? Indication?

A

Local anesthetic

Blocks Na+ channel inactivation gate to prevent pain signal from moving

Minor procedures
Cardiac arrhythmia

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18
Q

What is propofol(Diprivan)? MOA? Indication? Nickname?

A

General anesthetic

  • Opens GABA-A channels to increase Cl- permeability to hyperpolarize the cell
  • NMDA agonist to decrease release of glutamate

antiemetic
Procedural sedation w/ analgesic (PSA)
Anesthesia

Milk of amnesia

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19
Q

What is rocuronium(Zemuron)? Class?MOA? Indication?

A

Skeletal muscle blocker/paralytic/NMBD

Non-depolarizing

ACh antagonist at N1 receptor

Intubation after succinylcholine

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20
Q

What is succcinylcholine (Anectine/Quelicin)? Class? MOA? Indication?

A

Skeletal muscle blocker/paralytic/NMBD

depolarizing

Alters N1 receptor so it doesn’t respond to ACh

Muscle spasms
Used w/ general anesthetic

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21
Q

What is baclofen(Lioresal)? MOA? Indication?

A

Muscle relaxant

  • Stimulates GABA-B receptors which increase K+ permeability on LMN
  • stimulates GABA-B receptors on UMN to decrease release of NE and Glutamate

Spinal injuries
Muscle spasms

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22
Q

What is cyclobenzaprine(Flexeril)? MOA? Indication?

A

Muscle relaxant

Unknown but believed to work in brainstem

Local muscle spasms
Short term use

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23
Q

What is zaleplon(Sonata)? Indication?

A

Misc. Hypnotic

Difficulty falling asleep

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24
Q

What is zolpidem(Ambien)? Indication?

A

Misc. Hypnotic

Difficulty falling asleep

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25
Q

What is amphetamines indicated for?

A

ADHD

narcolepsy

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26
Q

What is methylphenidate(Ritalin) indicated for?

A

ADHD

Narcolepsy

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27
Q

What is Gabapentin(Neurotin) indicated for?

A

Epilepsy

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28
Q

What is phenobarbital (Mysoline) indicated for?

A

Epilepsy

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29
Q

What is primidone(Mysoline) indicated for?

A

Epilepsy

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30
Q

What is phenytoin(Dilantin) indicated for?

A

Epilepsy

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31
Q

What is fosphenytoin(Dilantin) indicated for?

A

Epilepsy

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32
Q

What is valproic acid indicated for?

A

Epilepsy

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33
Q

What is benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)? MOA? Indication?

A

Anticholinergic for PD

blocks reuptake of ACh into striatum

Pill rolling
Muscle rigidity

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34
Q

What is carbidopa-levodopa(Sinemet)? MOA? Indication?

A

Anti PD drug

Inhibits dopa decarboxylase and is DA precursor

Later stages of PD

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35
Q

What is ropinirole(Requip)? MOA? Indication?

A

D2 receptor agonist

Acts in brain to decrease movements caused by decrease DA

Restless leg syndrome (RLS)
PD

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36
Q

What is bethanecol(Urecholine)? Indication?

A

Muscarinic agonist

Postoperative ileus
Urinary retention

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37
Q

What is donepezil(Aricept)? MOA? Indication?

A

AChesterase inhibitor-central acting

Increase ACh in brain

Alzheimer’s

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38
Q

What is memantine(Namenda)? MOA? Indication?

A

AChesterase inhibitor-central acting

Increase ACh in brain

Alzheimer’s

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39
Q

What is pyridostigmine(Mestinon)? MOA? Indication?

A

AChesterase inhibitor

Increase ACh in synapse

MG

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40
Q

What is atropine? Indication?

A

Anticholinergic

Cardiac arrest

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41
Q

What is dicyclomine(Bentyl)? Indication?

A

Anticholinergic/receptor antagonist

IBS
Overactive bladder

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42
Q

What is tolterodine(Detrol)? Indication?

A

Anticholinergic/receptor antagonist

IBS
Overactive bladder

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43
Q

What is captopril(Capoten)? MOA? Indication?

A

ACEI

Inhibits ACE to prevent Angiotensin 1 into becoming angiotensin 2

HTN

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44
Q

Why is clonidine(Catapress)? MOA? Indication?

A

Central acting sympatholytic(take away sympathetic)

Stimulates alpha2 receptors to decrease release of NE which causes vasodilation effect

HTN

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45
Q

What is hyrdalazine(Apresoline)? MOA? Indication?

A

Arterial dilator

Dilated arteries

HF
HTN

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46
Q

What is losartan(Cozaar)? MOA? Indication?

A

ARB

angiotensin receptor blocker

HTN

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47
Q

What is atenolol(Tenormin)? MOA? Indication?

A

Selective Beta 1 blocker

Only blocks Beta 1 receptors which has negative inotropic and chronotropic effect

Angina
HF

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48
Q

What is diltiazem(Cardizem)? Class?MOA? Indication?

A

CCB

Nondihydropyridine

Works on heart and vessels

  • decrease inotropic and chronotropic effect
  • decrease BP

Angina
HF

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49
Q

What is isorsorbide dinitrate(Isordil)? MOA? Indication?

A

Veno dilator

Decreases preload and afterload by dilating veins

HF

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50
Q

What is isosorbide mononitrate(Imdur)? MOA? Indication?

A

Veno dilator

Decreases preload and afterload by dilating veins

Angina

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51
Q

What is metoprolol(Lepressor)? MOA? Indications?

A

Selective beta 1 blockers

Decreased inotropic and chronotropic effect

Angina
HF
Glaucoma

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52
Q

What is nitroglycerin(Nitro-Bid, Nitrostat)? MOA? Indication?

A

Nitrate

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53
Q

What is atenolol(Tenormin)? MOA? Indication?

A

Selective 1 beta blocker

Negative inotropic and chronotropic effect

Angina
HF
Cardiac arrhythmia

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54
Q

What is diltiazem(Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac)? MOA? Indication?

A

CCB-nondihydropyridines

Negative inotropic and chronotropic
Vasodilator

Angina
HF
Cardiac arrhythmia

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55
Q

What is isosorbide dinitrate(Isordil)? MOA? Indication?

A

Venodilator

Vasodilates

HF

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56
Q

What is metoprolol(Lepressor)? MOA? indication?

A

Selective beta 1 blocker

Negative inotropic and chronotropic effect

Angina
HF
Glaucoma
Cardiac arrhythmia

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57
Q

What is digoxin(Lanoxin)? MOA? Indication?

A

Cardiac glycosides

Inhibits sodium potassium pump which causes and positive inotropic effect and negative chronotropic effect

HF
A-fib

58
Q

What is dobutamine(dobutrex)?Indication?

A

Beta 1 adrenergic

HF

59
Q

What is lisinopril(Prinivil, Zestril)? Indication?

A

ACEI

HF

60
Q

What is milrinone(Primacor)? MOA? Indication?

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Inodilator-causes SM dilation and has positive inotropic effect

Short term management of HF

61
Q

What is nesiritide(Natrecor)? MOA? Indication?

A

Synthetic ANH

ANH causes natriuresis and vasodilation

HTN
HF

62
Q

What is valsartan(Diovan)? indication?

A

ARB

HF
HTN

63
Q

What is dofetilide(Tikosyn) indicated for?

A

Cardiac arrhythmia

64
Q

What is sotalol(Betapace) indicated for?

A

Cardiac arrhythmia

65
Q

What is verapamil(Calan) indicated for?

A

Cardiac arrhythmia

66
Q

What is alteplase(Activase)? MOA? Indication?

A

Fibrinolytic/clot buster

Activates plasminogen to dissolve clots

MI
Ischemic stroke

67
Q

What is aspirin? Indication?

A

Cox inhibitor/blood thinner

MI

68
Q

What is clopidogrel(Plavix)? MOA? Indication?

A

Blood thinner

P2Y12(ADP) antagonist

MI
stroke
Angioplasty

69
Q

What is dabigatran(Pradaxa)?Indication?

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

Thromboembolism prevention
A fib
VTE prevention

70
Q

What is enoxaparin(Lovenox)? MOA? Indication?

A

LMW Heparin

Antithrombin 3 agonist to prevent clotting cascade

VTE prevention
Stasis of blood
MI
Angioplasty

71
Q

What is eptifibatide(Integrilin)? MOA? Indication?

A

Blood thinner

GP2b/3a(fibrinogen) antagonist

MI
Angioplasty

72
Q

What is fondaparinux(Arixtra)? Indication?

A

Direct factor 10a inhibitors

Prevention and Tx of VTE

73
Q

What is warfarin(Coumadin) MOA? Indication?

A

Vitamin K antagonist

Heart valve issues
Tx and prevention of VTE
Afib issues
Long term anticoagulant therapy

74
Q

What is atorvastatin(Lipitor)? MOA? Indication?

A

Statin

HMG-CoA reductive inhibitor…blocks production of cholesterol

Hyperlipidemia
Atherosclerosis
Stroke

75
Q

What is cholestyramine(Questran)?

A

Bile acid sequestrant

Binds to bile acid to excrete bile from the body, thus causing an increase in bile production to use more cholesterol

Hypercholesteremia
Atherosclerosis
CAD

76
Q

What is the Niacin(Nicobid,Niacor)? MOA? Indication?

A

Nicotinic acid

Inhibits cholesterol production in liver

Hypercholesterolemia
Atherosclerosis
Stroke
CAD

77
Q

What is simvastatin(Zicor)? MOA? Indication?

A

Statin

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Hypercholesterolemia
Atherosclerosis
CAD
Stroke

78
Q

What is furosemide(Lasix)? MOA? Indication?

A

Loop diuretic

Blocks Na/K/2Cl symporter on ascending loop

HTN
HF
Liver disease
Glaucoma 
Nephritis
79
Q

What is hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL)? MOA? Indication?

A

Thiazide

Blocks Na/Cl symporter on DCT

Osteoporosis
HTN

80
Q

What is mannitol(Osmitrol)? MOA? Indication?

A

Osmotic diuretic

Draws water into renal lumen to be peed out

Increased intracranial pressure
Cerebral edema
Glaucoma

81
Q

What is spironolactone(Aldactone)? MOA? Indication?

A

K+ sparing diuretic

Blocks aldosterone receptor

HTN
Edema
Hyperaldosteronism

82
Q

What is fludrocortisone(florinef)? MOA? Indication?

A

Adrenal drug- Mineralcorticoid

Aldosterone activity(Na+ reabsorbed)

Hypoaldosteronism
Addison’s disease
Adrenalectomy

83
Q

What is methylprednisolone(Solu-Medrol)? MOA? indication?

A

Adrenal drug-glucocorticoid

Blocks PLA2

Anti inflammatory
Immunosuppressant
Allergy conditions
Prevent organ rejection

84
Q

What is prednisone? MOA? Indication?

A

Adrenal drug-glucocorticoid

Blocks PLA2

Anti inflammatory
Immunosuppressant
Allergy conditions
Prevent organ rejection

85
Q

What is alendronate(Fosamax)? MOA? Indications?

A

Anti-osteoporosis drug, bisphosphonates

Binds to Ca+ then kills osteoclasts

Osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis

86
Q

What is dinoprostone(Prostin E2,Cervidil,Prepidil)? indication?

A

Prostaglandin E2

Induction of labor cervical ripening

87
Q

What is estrogen used for(7)?

A 
Atrophic vaginitis
Hypogonadism 
OCP
Uterine bleeding
Osteoporosis
Hot flashes
Ovary removal
88
Q

What is medroxyprogesterone(Provera,Depo-provera)? MOA? Indication?

A

Progestin

Prevents follicular maturation

Amenorrhea 
Uterine bleeding
OCP
miscarriage 
Cancer
PSM Sx
89
Q

What is methylergonovine(Methergine)? Indication?

A

Oxytocics ergot derivative

Start contractions
Postpartum hemorrhage

90
Q

What is sildenafil(Viagra)? Indication? Contra?

A

PDE5 inhibitor

ED

don’t take with nitroglycerin

91
Q

What is testosterone(Androderm)? Contraindication?

A

Androgen hormone

Don’t take w/ nitroglycerin

92
Q

What is dextromethorphan? MOA?

A

Mild opioid agonist

Antitussive/cough suppressant

93
Q

Why is diphenahydramine(Benadryl)? Indication?

A

H1 antihistamine

Allergies

94
Q

What is Guaifenesin(Mucinex)? MOA?

A

Anticongestant

Thin mucus in respiratory tract

95
Q

What is loratadine(Claritin)? Indication?

A

H1 antihistamine

Allergic rhinitis
Hives

96
Q

What is albuterol? Indication?

A

SABA

Acute asthma

97
Q

What is montelukast(Singulair)? Indication?

A

LTRA(leukotriene receptor antagonist)

Prophylactic Tx for asthma

98
Q

What is salmeterol(Serevent diskus)? Indication?

A

LABA

Asthma
COPD

99
Q

All drugs that Tx viral infections have what in their name?

A

-vir

100
Q

What is acyclovir(Zovirax) indicated for?

A

Viral infection

101
Q

What is ganciclovir(cytovene) indicated for?

A

Viral infection

102
Q

What is nevirapine(Viramune) Indicated for?

A

viral infection

103
Q

What is zidovudine(Retrovir) indicated for?

A

Viral infection

104
Q

What is azathioprine(Imuran) indicated for?

A

Prevention of kidney rejection

105
Q

What is cyclosporine(Sandimmune) indicated for?

A

Prevention of kidney, heart and liver rejection

106
Q

What is mycophenolate mofetil(Cellcept,Myfortic) indicated for?

A

Prevent kidney, heart and liver rejection

107
Q

What is cimetidine(Tagamet)? MOA?Indication?

A

H2 inhibitor

Decreases acid production in stomach

GERD
ulcers
Dyspepsia heartburn

108
Q

What is famotidine(Pepcid)? MOA? Indication?

A

H2 inhibitor

Decreases acid production in stomach

GERD
ulcers
Dyspepsia heartburn

109
Q

What is omeprazole(Prilosec)? MOA? Indication?

A

PPI

Inhibits proton pump to Decrease acid production in stomach

GERD
ulcers
Dyspepsia heartburn

110
Q

What is sucralfate(Carafate)? MOA? Indication?

A

Barrier enhancing drug

Binds to damaged mucosa and acts like band aid

Duodenal ulcers

111
Q

What is diphenoxylate/atropine(Lomotil,Lonox)? MOA? Indication?

A

Opioid derivative

Mu agonist=decrease peristalsis
Delta agonist=decrease secretions

Travelers diarrhea

112
Q

What is docusate salts(Colace)? MOA? Indication?

A

Emollient/softeners

Allows water to penetrate through fecal mass to ease passage thru rectum

Constipation

113
Q

What is glycerin? Indication?

A

Hyperosmotic

Constipation

114
Q

What is lactobacillus(bacid)? Indication?

A

Probiotic

Diarrhea

115
Q

What is lactulose(enulose)? Indication?

A

Osmotic laxative

Constipation
Hepatic encephalopathy

116
Q

What is loperimide(Immodium A-D)? MOA? Indication?

A

Opioid derivative

Mu agonist=decrease peristalsis
Delta agonist=decrease secretions

Diarrhea

117
Q

What is psylluim(Metamucil)? MOA? Indication?

A

Bulk forming laxative

Soaks up water to put pressure on GI walls to increase peristalsis movement

Constipation

118
Q

What is senna(senakot)? MOA? Indication?

A

Stimulant laxative

Release histamine to increase peristaltic movement

Constipation

119
Q

What is meclizine(Antivert)? indication?

A

Antiemetic H-1 antagonist

N/V
Motion sickness

120
Q

What is metoclopramide(Reglan)? Indication?

A

D2 antagonist

Antiemetic

121
Q

What is odandetron(Zolfran)? Indication?

A

5HT antagonist

Antiemetic
PONV
pregnancy N/V
Chemo

122
Q

What is prochlorperazine(Compazine)? Indication?

A

Antidopaminergic

Emesis
Schizophrenia

123
Q

What is magnesium indicated for(5)?

A 
Seizures
Eclampsia
Tocolytic
Cardiac arrhythmia
Constipation
124
Q

What is epoetin alpha(Epogen, procrit)? Indication?

A

synthetic EPO…increases blood synthesis

Anemia

125
Q

What is ferrous sulfate indicated for?

A

Iron deficiency

126
Q

How does low folic acid effect baby in pregnancy?

A

Low folate=developmental defects in babies neurons

127
Q

What is bacitracin indicated for? Bacitracin(AK-tracin) indication?

A

Skin infection

Eye infections

128
Q

What is benzoyl peroxide indicated for?

A

Acne

129
Q

What is clotrimazole(Lotrimin,mycelex)? MOA? Indication?

A

Azole

Inhibits 14alpha-demethylase to prevent egosterol production

Thrush
Candidiasis infections

130
Q

What is isotretinion(ammesteem,Claris,sotret) indicated for?

A

Acne

131
Q

What is pimecrolimus(Elidel) indicated for?

A

Atopic dermatitis

132
Q

What is silver sulfadiazine(silvadene) indicated for?

A

Prevention of infection after burns

133
Q

What is artificial tears indicated for?

A

Lubrications in eyes

134
Q

What is atropine sulfate(isopropyl atropine) indicated for?

A

Cardiac arrest

135
Q

What is dexamethasone(decadron) indicated for?

A

Inflammation of eye structures
Uveitis
Allergies
Burns

136
Q

What is dipivefrin(Trusopt) indicated for? MOA?

A

Open-angle glaucoma

Decrease AH production via vasoconstriction

137
Q

What is dorzolamide(Trusopt)? Indication?

A

Carbonic anhydride inhibitor

Glaucoma

138
Q

What is echothiophate(phospholine iodide)? MOA? Indication?

A

AChesterase inhibitor

Causes pupil construction which allows AH to drain better

Glaucoma

139
Q

What is pilocarpine(Pilocar)? Indication?

A

Cholinergic

Glaucoma

140
Q

What is timolol(timoptic) indicated for?

A

Glaucoma

141
Q

What are the different types of antibiotics used for bacterial ocular infections(4)?

A

Bacitracin(AK-tracin)
Ciprofloxacin(ciloxan)
Erythromycin
Gentamicin(Garamycin)

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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