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Pharmacology > Antianginal Drugs > Flashcards

Antianginal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What causes chest pain in Pts? What is an example of an activity that increases demand of O2?

A

Increases demand of O2 w/ decrease supply of O2

Exercising

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2
Q

What type of drugs increase the supply of O2?

A

Beta blockers and dilators

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of angina?

A

Exertional/stable
Variant/prinzmetal
Unstable

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4
Q

What is another name for exertional angina?

A

Stable angina

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5
Q

What is another name for variant angina?

A

Prinzmetal angina

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6
Q

How is exertional/stable angina occur? What activity usually causes it?

A

Plaque build up in coronary arteries

Exercise

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7
Q

How does variant/prinzmetal angina occur? When can it happen?

A

Caused by spasms in coronary artery

Can happen 24/7

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8
Q

How does an unstable angina occur? What if the Tx for it?

A

When a vessel is almost completely occluded

Angioplasty
CABG(coronary artery bypass graft)
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9
Q

What are the 4 goals of drugs used to Tx angina?

A

Minimize attacks
Improve pt capacity
Prevent MI
decrease heart workload

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10
Q

What is the difference between NO and N2O? What does it cause?

A

NO=nitric oxide, causes vasodilation

N2O=laughing gas, causes sedation

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11
Q

Why do you have to be sparing w/ nitrates?

A

Because tolerance can develop

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12
Q

Why is nitrates indicated for stable angina?

A

Because it causes vasodilation to increase blood to get through partial occlusion

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13
Q

What is ACS stand for?

A

Acute coronary syndrome

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14
Q

Why are nitrates indicated for ACS?

A

Because it decreases the workload

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15
Q

What are two conditions that are considered ACS?

A

Unstable angina and acute MI

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16
Q

Why is nitrate indicated for CHF?

A

Decrease the preload

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17
Q

Why are nitrates indicated for hypertensive emergencies?

A

Decreases BP thru vasodilation

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18
Q

What is the course of action for a pt who has chest pain w/ a Hx of coronary disease and is prescribed nitro?

A 
Stop
Sit down
Take 1x nitro PRN
wait 5 min
Call 911
Take 1x nitro PRN
wait 5 min
Take 1x nitro PRN
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19
Q

What is the max dose of nitro a pt can take?

A

3 doses

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20
Q

What drugs should be used for quick onset? How are they given?

A

Nitrostat-SL

Nitrolingual-pump spray

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21
Q

True of false: nitrobid ointment is given prophylatically?

A

True

22
Q

What does prophylactically mean?

A

Prevention

23
Q

How is nitrobid ointment given? What PPE is needed?

A

Apply to chest of abdomen and lay occlusive dressing on top

Gloves

24
Q

What helps a pt from bldg up tolerance to nitrobid ointment?

A

Drug free period at night

25
Q

At what times is nitrobid ointment given to a pt?

A

QAM

6hrs later

26
Q

True or false: transdermal-nitro is used prophylactically?

A

True

27
Q

How does a pt not build up tolerance to transdermal-nitro?

A

Remove during sleep

28
Q

Where does a pt apply a transderm-nitro patch?

A

Upper arms or torso

29
Q

What is the onset and duration of nitrobid IV?

A

Quick onset

Short duration

30
Q

What kind of bags and tubing should be used when delivering nitrobid IV?

A

Specific non-PVC plastic IV bag and tubing

31
Q

If nitrobid IV is not a clear solution or is discolored, what should be done?

A

Discard solution

32
Q

When a pt is taking nitrates, what must a nurse educate them on(3)?

A

Activities that increase risk of angina

ADR

Contraindications

33
Q

What are the activities that increase risk of angina?

A

Overexertion
Emotional upset
Over-eating

34
Q

What are the ADR of nitrates?

A

HA
Flacial flushing
Orthostatic hypotension
Syncope

35
Q

What are the contraindications for nitrates?

A

Hypotension
Coadministered w/ PDE5 inhibitors (ED drug)
Increased intracranial pressure

36
Q

How do nondihydropyridines act as an anti angina medication?

A

Negative inotropic effect
Negative chronotropic effect
Vasodilator

37
Q

What does nondihydropyridine a work directly on?

A

Heart and arteries

38
Q

How does dihydropyridine prevent angina?

A

Dilating arteries

39
Q

What is the preferred therapy for exertional angina?

A

SL nitrate

Nitrate spray

40
Q

What Rx are used for a pt w/ exertional angina and HTN?

A

CCB or beta-blockers

41
Q

What is the preferred therapy for variant angina? If that does work then what is done?

A

CCB

Add a nitrate

42
Q

What is the preferred therapy for unstable angina?

A

Anticoagulant therapy
All drugs
Nitro

43
Q

How long does potency last for nitroglycerin?

A

About 3mo after bottle has been opened

44
Q

What preserves the potency of nitroglycerin?

A

Storing the medication in a airtight, dark glass bottle w/ metal cap

45
Q

When using a patch or ointment nitroglycerin, what should be done in the location of placing the Rx?

A

Site rotation

Removal of old medication

46
Q

In order to reduce tolerance to a nitroglycerin what should be done?

A

Allow for a nitrate-free period

47
Q

What should a pt not do who has just taken nitro?

A

Don’t drive

48
Q

Contraindication for beta blockers?

A

<60 HR

49
Q

What is an ADR of beta-blockers?

A

Dizziness

Syncope

50
Q

What is a common problem w/ pt who take CCBs? How can this be resolved?

A

Constipation

Increase fiber and fluid intake

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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