Test 5 Drugs Flashcards
What is Bismuth subsalicylate(peptic-bismol)? Indication? MOA?
Absorbent
Diarrhea
Forms complex w/ water and lipopolysaccharide
What is paregoric(opium tincture)? Indication?
Opiate
Diarrhea
What is loperimide(Immodium A-D)? Indication? MOA?
Opioid derivative
Diarrhea
Activates Mu receptors=decrease peristalsis
Activates Delta receptors=decrease secretions
What is diphenoxylate/atropine(Lonox, Lomotil)? Indication? MOA? Which part of drug is anticholinergic?
Opioid derivative
Diarrhea
Activates Mu receptors=decrease peristalsis
Activates Delta receptors=decrease secretions
Atropine
What are 3 antimotility drugs used to Tx diarrhea?
Anticholinergic
5HT antagonist
Opioids
What is alosetron(Lotronex)? Route?indication? ADR?
5HT antagonist
Oral
IBS in women
Ischemic colitis
Constipation
What are the 6 drugs to Tx constipation?
Stimulants Bulk forming laxatives Osmotic(saline) laxatives Emollient/softeners Cl channel activators Peripheral Mu-opioid antagonists
What is Senna(Senekot)? MOA? Indication?
Stimulant laxative
Increase release of histamine to increase gut motility
Constipation
What is bisacodyl(Dulcolax)? MOA? Indication?
Stimulant laxative
Increase release of histamine to increase gut motility
Constipation
What is methylcellulose(Citrucel)? MOA? Indication?
Bulk forming laxative
Soaks up water to put pressure on gut to increase gut motility
Constipation
What is psyllium(Metamucil)? MOA? Indication?
Bulk forming laxative
Soaks up water to put pressure on gut to increase gut motility
Constipation
What is lactulose(enulose)? MOA? Indication?
Osmotic(saline) laxative
Sugar or sodium draw water into lumen
Constipation
What is magnesium hydroxide(MOM)? Indication?
Osmotic(Saline)laxative
Constipation
What is magnesium citrate? Indication?
Osmotic(Saline)laxative
Constipation
What is sodium phosphate(fleet enema)? Indication?
Osmotic(Saline)laxative
Constipation
What is PEG(Golytely, Nulytely,Miralax)? Indications?
Osmotic(Saline)laxative
Constipation
Bowel evacuation For colonoscopy
What is lactulose indicated for? What type of osmotic laxative is it? What does it cause in colon and prevent the absorption of?
Hepatic encephalopathy
Non-absorbable disaccharide
Decrease pH of colon contents and prevents absorption of NH3 from hepatic compromise
What is docusate Calcium(Surfak)? MOA? Indication?
Emollients/softener
Allow water to penetrate feces and ease passage
Constipation
What is Docusate sodium(Colace)? MOA? Indication?
Emollients/softener
Allow water to penetrate feces and ease passage
Constipation
What is lubiprostone(Amitiza)? Indication? MOA?
Cl channel activators
IBS-C
Activates Cl transporters to allow Cl into lumen…water follows
What is linaclotide(Linzess)? MOA? Indications?
Cl channel activator
Activates Cl transporters to allow Cl into lumen…water follows
IBS-C
Idiopathic constipation
What is methynaltrexone bromide(Relistor)? Indication? Route and how often?
Mu-antagonist
Opioid induced constipation
SC daily
What is Alvimopan(Enterig)? Indication? Route?
Mu-antagonist
Postoperative ileus
PO
What is Levothyroxine sodium(Levothroid,Levoxyl,synthroid)?What hormone does it carry? Indication?
HRT
T4
Hypothyroidism
What is liothyronine sodium(Cytomel, Triostat)? What hormones does it carry? Indication?
HRT
T3
Hypothyroidism
What is thyroid(armour thyroid),bio-thyroid,thyroid USP)? What hormones does it carry? What does it come from? Indication?
HRT
T3/T4
Comes from porcine/pigs
Hypothyroidism
What is potassium iodide and iodine(Lugols solution)? MOA? Indication?
Antithyroid drug
Inhibits NIS
Hyperthyroidism
What is radioactive iodide(iodotope,sodium iodide)? MOA? Indication?
Antithyroid drugs
Gamma and beta rays release from iodide that destroy thyroid tissue
Hyperthyroidism
What is methimazole(Tapazole)? Indication? MOA?
Antithyroid drugs
Hyperthyroidism
Inhibit actions of TPO
What is propylthiouracil? Indication? MOA?
Antithyroid drugs
Hyperthyroidism
Inhibit actions of TPO
What is metoclopramide(Reglan)? MOA? Indication?
Prokinetic/D2 antagonist
Gets peristalsis going
Diabetic gastroparesis(vagus nerve damage leases to decreased peristalsis)
How does botulinum toxin help with diabetic gastroparesis?
Toxin causes flaccid paralysis on sphincter to move contents to duodenum
What are the parenteral drugs for DM(3)? Route?
Insulin
Amylin analog
Incretin mimetic
All SC
What is aspart(Novolog)? When should it be taken?
Rapid acting insulin
15min before a meal
What is glulisine(Apidra)? When should you take it?
Rapid acting insulin
15min before a meal
What is lispro(Humalog)? When should you take it?
Rapid acting insulin
15min before a meal
What is regular(Humulin R)? When should you take it?
Short acting insulin
15-30min before a meal
What is isophane NPH(Humulin N, Novolin N)? When should you take it?
Intermediate acting insulin
15-30min before a meal
What is detemir(Levemir)?
Long acting insulin
What is glargine(lantus)?
Long acting insulin
What is degludec(Tresiba)?
Long acting insulin
What do rapid acting insulin drugs end in?
-log or -pridra
What is pramlintide(Symlin)? MOA?ADR? Indication?
Amylin
Slows gastric emptying
Suppresses glucagon secretion
Decreases appetite
N/V
Weight loss
Uncontrolled DM type 1 and 2
What is exenatide(Byetta)? Indication? Route and when and how often? Location?
Incretin
Type 2 DM
SC BID 1 he before a meal
Arms, abs, thigh
What is extended release(Bydureon)? Indication?
Incretin
Type 2 DM
Why is liraglutide(Victoza)? Indication? How often given?
Incretin
Type 2 DM
Once daily anytime
What is metformjn(Glucophage)? MOA?
Biguanides
Decrease live glucose production
Decrease intestine glucose absorption
Enhance glucose utilization by other tissues
What do incretins end in?
-tide
What are the 2 types of secretagogues?
Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides
What are the 6 oral drugs to Tx DM?
Secretagogues Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Biguanides Thiazolidinediones(insulin sensitizer) DPP-4 inhibitor SGLT2 inhibitor
What is glimepiride(amaryl)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?
Secretagogue
Sulfonylureas
DM type 2
Binds to SUR to release insulin
What is Glipizide(Glucotrol)? What category is it? Indication? MOA
Secretagogue
Sulfonylureas
DM type 2
Binds to SUR to release insulin
What is Glyburide(Diabeta)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?
Secretagogue
Sulfonylureas
DM type 2
Binds to SUR to release insulin
What do sulfonylureas secretagogues end in?
-ide
What is repaglinide(Prandin)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?
Secretagogue
Meglitinides
DM type 2
Binds to SUR to release insulin
What is nateglinide(Starlix)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?
Secretagogue
Meglitinides
DM type 2
Binds to SUR to release insulin
What do meglitinides secretagogues end in?
-glinide
What is pioglitazone(Actos)? What is another name for this type of drug?contraindication?
Thiazolidinediones
Insulin sensitizer
HF
Liver damage
What is miglitol(Glaset)? MOA? Time given at? ADR?
Alpha-glycosides inhibitor
Inhibits disaccharidases
Give w/ each meal
Flatulence and diarrhea
What is acarbose(Precose)? MOA? Time give at? ADR? What is it made of?
Alpha-glycosides inhibitor
Inhibits disaccharidases
Give w/ each meal
Flatulence and diarrhea
Oligosaccharide
What do DPP- 4 inhibitors end in?
-gliptin
What is saxagliptin(Onglyza)? Indication?
DPP-4 inhibitor
Type 2 DM
What is sitigliptin(Januvia)? Indication?
DPP-4 inhibitor
Type 2 DM
What is Alogliptin(Nesina)? Indication?
DPP-4 inhibitor
Type 2 DM
What is linagliptin(Tradjenta)? Indication?
DPP-4 inhibitor
Type 2 DM
What do SGLT2 inhibitors end in?
-gliflozin
What is canagliflozin(invokana)? MOA?
SGLT2 inhibitor
Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out
What is dapagliflozin(Farxiga)? MOA?
SGLT2 inhibitor
Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out
What is empagliflozin(Jardiance)? MOA?
SGLT2 inhibitor
Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out
What is ipragliflozin(Suglat)? MOA?
SGLT2 inhibitor
Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out
What is inhaled Afrezza?
Inhaled insulin
What do exogenous synthetic estrogen drugs have in their name?
Estrogen or estradiol
What is conjugated estrogen(premarin)?
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
What is conjugated estrogen(Cenestin)?
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
What is estradiol trandermal(estraderm,climara,vivelle)?
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
What is estradiol cypionate (depo-estradiol, DepoGen)?
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
What is estradiol vaginal dosage form(vagifem, estrace vaginal cream)
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
What is estrasorb(estradiol topical emulsion)? Indication
HRT new estrogen therapy
Hot flashes
What is duavee(conjugated estrogen/bazedoxifene)? Indication?
HRT new estrogen therapy
Hot flashes and osteoporosis
What is ospemifene(Osphena)? Indication?
HRT new estrogen therapy
Dyspareunia
What do protestins drugs have in their name?
-gest or nor-
What is hydroxyprogestrone(Hylutin)?
Progestin
What is levonorgestrel(plan B)? Indication?
Progestin
Prevent or delay ovulation in emergency
What is medroxyprogesterone(Provera, Depo-provera)?
Progestin
What is megestrol(Megace)? What can it increase?
Progestin
Increase appetite
What is norethindrone acetate(Aygestin)?
Progestin
What is norgestrel (ovrette, ovral)?
Progestin
WhT is progesterone (prometrium)?
Progestin
What is etonogestrel implant(implanon)? Indication?
Progestin
BC
What is calcitonin(Fortical) Indications? Route?
Osteoporosis
Pagets disease
Hypercalcemia
SC/IM
What is calcitonin(Miacalcin) indications? Route?
Osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
Hypercalcemia
Nasal spray
What do bisphosphonates do? When should they be taken? How must a pt remain upright after taking this medication?
Inhibit bone reabsorption
1 hr before meals
30min
What is alendronate(fosamax)? Indication?
Biphosphonates
Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
What is ibandronate(Boniva)? Indications?
Biphosphonates
Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
What is risedronate(actonel)? Indications?
Biphosphonates
Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
What do bisphosphonates end in?
-dronate
What is osteonecrosis?
Break down of jaw bone
What is the MOA of bisphosphonates?
Bisphosphonates attach to Ca2+ in bone
Osteoclasts eat Ca2+ and then die because of bisphosphonates
What is Denosumab(Prolia, Xgeva)? Route how often? ADR?
RANKL inhibitor/ synthetic OPG
SC every 6mo
Hypocalcemia
Dental issues
Neutropenia that can cause infections
What is teriparatide(forteo)? Route how often? MOA? Indication?
Recombinant PTH
SC every day
Low levels of PTH given intermittently increase bone formation
Osteoporosis
Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis
What is raloxifene(evista)? Why is it effective? Indication? Contraindication?
SERM
Decreases risk of breast and uterine cancer
Breast cancer prophylaxis in women with osteoporosis
VTE Hx
How long must a pt be DC off a SERM before going into surgery or immobilization?
3 days before
What Sx should a pt report when taking a SERM?
Swelling and pain in calves
What are oxytocics?
Uterine stimulants
What are the 4 oxytocics?
Oxytocin
Prostaglandins
Ergot derivative (5HT agonist)
Progesterone antagonist mifepristone(RU-486)
What is a tocolytic?
Uterine relaxant
What are the 2 types of tocolytics? Class of drug? MOA?
Indications for both of them?
Indomethacin
- NSAID
- Inhibits prostaglandins(which increase contractions)
Nifedipine
- CCB
- blocks Ca2+ to decrease contractions
Premature uterine contraction
