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Pharmacology > Test 5 Drugs > Flashcards

Test 5 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bismuth subsalicylate(peptic-bismol)? Indication? MOA?

A

Absorbent

Diarrhea

Forms complex w/ water and lipopolysaccharide

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2
Q

What is paregoric(opium tincture)? Indication?

A

Opiate

Diarrhea

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3
Q

What is loperimide(Immodium A-D)? Indication? MOA?

A

Opioid derivative

Diarrhea

Activates Mu receptors=decrease peristalsis
Activates Delta receptors=decrease secretions

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4
Q

What is diphenoxylate/atropine(Lonox, Lomotil)? Indication? MOA? Which part of drug is anticholinergic?

A

Opioid derivative

Diarrhea

Activates Mu receptors=decrease peristalsis
Activates Delta receptors=decrease secretions

Atropine

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5
Q

What are 3 antimotility drugs used to Tx diarrhea?

A

Anticholinergic
5HT antagonist
Opioids

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6
Q

What is alosetron(Lotronex)? Route?indication? ADR?

A

5HT antagonist

Oral

IBS in women

Ischemic colitis
Constipation

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7
Q

What are the 6 drugs to Tx constipation?

A 
Stimulants
Bulk forming laxatives
Osmotic(saline) laxatives 
Emollient/softeners
Cl channel activators
Peripheral Mu-opioid antagonists
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8
Q

What is Senna(Senekot)? MOA? Indication?

A

Stimulant laxative

Increase release of histamine to increase gut motility

Constipation

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9
Q

What is bisacodyl(Dulcolax)? MOA? Indication?

A

Stimulant laxative

Increase release of histamine to increase gut motility

Constipation

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10
Q

What is methylcellulose(Citrucel)? MOA? Indication?

A

Bulk forming laxative

Soaks up water to put pressure on gut to increase gut motility

Constipation

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11
Q

What is psyllium(Metamucil)? MOA? Indication?

A

Bulk forming laxative

Soaks up water to put pressure on gut to increase gut motility

Constipation

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12
Q

What is lactulose(enulose)? MOA? Indication?

A

Osmotic(saline) laxative

Sugar or sodium draw water into lumen

Constipation

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13
Q

What is magnesium hydroxide(MOM)? Indication?

A

Osmotic(Saline)laxative

Constipation

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14
Q

What is magnesium citrate? Indication?

A

Osmotic(Saline)laxative

Constipation

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15
Q

What is sodium phosphate(fleet enema)? Indication?

A

Osmotic(Saline)laxative

Constipation

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16
Q

What is PEG(Golytely, Nulytely,Miralax)? Indications?

A

Osmotic(Saline)laxative

Constipation
Bowel evacuation For colonoscopy

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17
Q

What is lactulose indicated for? What type of osmotic laxative is it? What does it cause in colon and prevent the absorption of?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

Non-absorbable disaccharide

Decrease pH of colon contents and prevents absorption of NH3 from hepatic compromise

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18
Q

What is docusate Calcium(Surfak)? MOA? Indication?

A

Emollients/softener

Allow water to penetrate feces and ease passage

Constipation

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19
Q

What is Docusate sodium(Colace)? MOA? Indication?

A

Emollients/softener

Allow water to penetrate feces and ease passage

Constipation

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20
Q

What is lubiprostone(Amitiza)? Indication? MOA?

A

Cl channel activators

IBS-C

Activates Cl transporters to allow Cl into lumen…water follows

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21
Q

What is linaclotide(Linzess)? MOA? Indications?

A

Cl channel activator

Activates Cl transporters to allow Cl into lumen…water follows

IBS-C
Idiopathic constipation

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22
Q

What is methynaltrexone bromide(Relistor)? Indication? Route and how often?

A

Mu-antagonist

Opioid induced constipation

SC daily

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23
Q

What is Alvimopan(Enterig)? Indication? Route?

A

Mu-antagonist

Postoperative ileus

PO

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24
Q

What is Levothyroxine sodium(Levothroid,Levoxyl,synthroid)?What hormone does it carry? Indication?

A

HRT

T4

Hypothyroidism

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25
Q

What is liothyronine sodium(Cytomel, Triostat)? What hormones does it carry? Indication?

A

HRT

T3

Hypothyroidism

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26
Q

What is thyroid(armour thyroid),bio-thyroid,thyroid USP)? What hormones does it carry? What does it come from? Indication?

A

HRT

T3/T4

Comes from porcine/pigs

Hypothyroidism

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27
Q

What is potassium iodide and iodine(Lugols solution)? MOA? Indication?

A

Antithyroid drug

Inhibits NIS

Hyperthyroidism

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28
Q

What is radioactive iodide(iodotope,sodium iodide)? MOA? Indication?

A

Antithyroid drugs

Gamma and beta rays release from iodide that destroy thyroid tissue

Hyperthyroidism

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29
Q

What is methimazole(Tapazole)? Indication? MOA?

A

Antithyroid drugs

Hyperthyroidism

Inhibit actions of TPO

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30
Q

What is propylthiouracil? Indication? MOA?

A

Antithyroid drugs

Hyperthyroidism

Inhibit actions of TPO

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31
Q

What is metoclopramide(Reglan)? MOA? Indication?

A

Prokinetic/D2 antagonist

Gets peristalsis going

Diabetic gastroparesis(vagus nerve damage leases to decreased peristalsis)

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32
Q

How does botulinum toxin help with diabetic gastroparesis?

A

Toxin causes flaccid paralysis on sphincter to move contents to duodenum

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33
Q

What are the parenteral drugs for DM(3)? Route?

A

Insulin
Amylin analog
Incretin mimetic

All SC

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34
Q

What is aspart(Novolog)? When should it be taken?

A

Rapid acting insulin

15min before a meal

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35
Q

What is glulisine(Apidra)? When should you take it?

A

Rapid acting insulin

15min before a meal

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36
Q

What is lispro(Humalog)? When should you take it?

A

Rapid acting insulin

15min before a meal

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37
Q

What is regular(Humulin R)? When should you take it?

A

Short acting insulin

15-30min before a meal

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38
Q

What is isophane NPH(Humulin N, Novolin N)? When should you take it?

A

Intermediate acting insulin

15-30min before a meal

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39
Q

What is detemir(Levemir)?

A

Long acting insulin

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40
Q

What is glargine(lantus)?

A

Long acting insulin

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41
Q

What is degludec(Tresiba)?

A

Long acting insulin

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42
Q

What do rapid acting insulin drugs end in?

A

-log or -pridra

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43
Q

What is pramlintide(Symlin)? MOA?ADR? Indication?

A

Amylin

Slows gastric emptying
Suppresses glucagon secretion
Decreases appetite

N/V
Weight loss

Uncontrolled DM type 1 and 2

44
Q

What is exenatide(Byetta)? Indication? Route and when and how often? Location?

A

Incretin

Type 2 DM

SC BID 1 he before a meal

Arms, abs, thigh

45
Q

What is extended release(Bydureon)? Indication?

A

Incretin

Type 2 DM

46
Q

Why is liraglutide(Victoza)? Indication? How often given?

A

Incretin

Type 2 DM

Once daily anytime

47
Q

What is metformjn(Glucophage)? MOA?

A

Biguanides

Decrease live glucose production
Decrease intestine glucose absorption
Enhance glucose utilization by other tissues

48
Q

What do incretins end in?

A

-tide

49
Q

What are the 2 types of secretagogues?

A

Sulfonylureas

Meglitinides

50
Q

What are the 6 oral drugs to Tx DM?

A 
Secretagogues
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Biguanides
Thiazolidinediones(insulin sensitizer)
DPP-4 inhibitor
SGLT2 inhibitor
51
Q

What is glimepiride(amaryl)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?

A

Secretagogue

Sulfonylureas

DM type 2

Binds to SUR to release insulin

52
Q

What is Glipizide(Glucotrol)? What category is it? Indication? MOA

A

Secretagogue

Sulfonylureas

DM type 2

Binds to SUR to release insulin

53
Q

What is Glyburide(Diabeta)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?

A

Secretagogue

Sulfonylureas

DM type 2

Binds to SUR to release insulin

54
Q

What do sulfonylureas secretagogues end in?

A

-ide

55
Q

What is repaglinide(Prandin)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?

A

Secretagogue

Meglitinides

DM type 2

Binds to SUR to release insulin

56
Q

What is nateglinide(Starlix)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?

A

Secretagogue

Meglitinides

DM type 2

Binds to SUR to release insulin

57
Q

What do meglitinides secretagogues end in?

A

-glinide

58
Q

What is pioglitazone(Actos)? What is another name for this type of drug?contraindication?

A

Thiazolidinediones

Insulin sensitizer

HF
Liver damage

59
Q

What is miglitol(Glaset)? MOA? Time given at? ADR?

A

Alpha-glycosides inhibitor

Inhibits disaccharidases

Give w/ each meal

Flatulence and diarrhea

60
Q

What is acarbose(Precose)? MOA? Time give at? ADR? What is it made of?

A

Alpha-glycosides inhibitor

Inhibits disaccharidases

Give w/ each meal

Flatulence and diarrhea

Oligosaccharide

61
Q

What do DPP- 4 inhibitors end in?

A

-gliptin

62
Q

What is saxagliptin(Onglyza)? Indication?

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

Type 2 DM

63
Q

What is sitigliptin(Januvia)? Indication?

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

Type 2 DM

64
Q

What is Alogliptin(Nesina)? Indication?

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

Type 2 DM

65
Q

What is linagliptin(Tradjenta)? Indication?

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

Type 2 DM

66
Q

What do SGLT2 inhibitors end in?

A

-gliflozin

67
Q

What is canagliflozin(invokana)? MOA?

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out

68
Q

What is dapagliflozin(Farxiga)? MOA?

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out

69
Q

What is empagliflozin(Jardiance)? MOA?

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out

70
Q

What is ipragliflozin(Suglat)? MOA?

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out

71
Q

What is inhaled Afrezza?

A

Inhaled insulin

72
Q

What do exogenous synthetic estrogen drugs have in their name?

A

Estrogen or estradiol

73
Q

What is conjugated estrogen(premarin)?

A

Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen

74
Q

What is conjugated estrogen(Cenestin)?

A

Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen

75
Q

What is estradiol trandermal(estraderm,climara,vivelle)?

A

Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen

76
Q

What is estradiol cypionate (depo-estradiol, DepoGen)?

A

Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen

77
Q

What is estradiol vaginal dosage form(vagifem, estrace vaginal cream)

A

Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen

78
Q

What is estrasorb(estradiol topical emulsion)? Indication

A

HRT new estrogen therapy

Hot flashes

79
Q

What is duavee(conjugated estrogen/bazedoxifene)? Indication?

A

HRT new estrogen therapy

Hot flashes and osteoporosis

80
Q

What is ospemifene(Osphena)? Indication?

A

HRT new estrogen therapy

Dyspareunia

81
Q

What do protestins drugs have in their name?

A

-gest or nor-

82
Q

What is hydroxyprogestrone(Hylutin)?

A

Progestin

83
Q

What is levonorgestrel(plan B)? Indication?

A

Progestin

Prevent or delay ovulation in emergency

84
Q

What is medroxyprogesterone(Provera, Depo-provera)?

A

Progestin

85
Q

What is megestrol(Megace)? What can it increase?

A

Progestin

Increase appetite

86
Q

What is norethindrone acetate(Aygestin)?

A

Progestin

87
Q

What is norgestrel (ovrette, ovral)?

A

Progestin

88
Q

WhT is progesterone (prometrium)?

A

Progestin

89
Q

What is etonogestrel implant(implanon)? Indication?

A

Progestin

BC

90
Q

What is calcitonin(Fortical) Indications? Route?

A

Osteoporosis
Pagets disease
Hypercalcemia

SC/IM

91
Q

What is calcitonin(Miacalcin) indications? Route?

A

Osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
Hypercalcemia

Nasal spray

92
Q

What do bisphosphonates do? When should they be taken? How must a pt remain upright after taking this medication?

A

Inhibit bone reabsorption

1 hr before meals

30min

93
Q

What is alendronate(fosamax)? Indication?

A

Biphosphonates

Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis
Paget’s disease

94
Q

What is ibandronate(Boniva)? Indications?

A

Biphosphonates

Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis
Paget’s disease

95
Q

What is risedronate(actonel)? Indications?

A

Biphosphonates

Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis
Paget’s disease

96
Q

What do bisphosphonates end in?

A

-dronate

97
Q

What is osteonecrosis?

A

Break down of jaw bone

98
Q

What is the MOA of bisphosphonates?

A

Bisphosphonates attach to Ca2+ in bone

Osteoclasts eat Ca2+ and then die because of bisphosphonates

99
Q

What is Denosumab(Prolia, Xgeva)? Route how often? ADR?

A

RANKL inhibitor/ synthetic OPG

SC every 6mo

Hypocalcemia
Dental issues
Neutropenia that can cause infections

100
Q

What is teriparatide(forteo)? Route how often? MOA? Indication?

A

Recombinant PTH

SC every day

Low levels of PTH given intermittently increase bone formation

Osteoporosis
Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis

101
Q

What is raloxifene(evista)? Why is it effective? Indication? Contraindication?

A

SERM

Decreases risk of breast and uterine cancer

Breast cancer prophylaxis in women with osteoporosis

VTE Hx

102
Q

How long must a pt be DC off a SERM before going into surgery or immobilization?

A

3 days before

103
Q

What Sx should a pt report when taking a SERM?

A

Swelling and pain in calves

104
Q

What are oxytocics?

A

Uterine stimulants

105
Q

What are the 4 oxytocics?

A

Oxytocin
Prostaglandins
Ergot derivative (5HT agonist)
Progesterone antagonist mifepristone(RU-486)

106
Q

What is a tocolytic?

A

Uterine relaxant

107
Q

What are the 2 types of tocolytics? Class of drug? MOA?

Indications for both of them?

A

Indomethacin

  • NSAID
  • Inhibits prostaglandins(which increase contractions)

Nifedipine

  • CCB
  • blocks Ca2+ to decrease contractions

Premature uterine contraction

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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