Antifungal Drugs Flashcards
How many cells is yeast considered?
Unicellular
How many cells is mold considered?
Multicellular
Where is fungi found(3)?
Soil
Air
Contaminated food
What is mycosis?
An infection or disease caused by a fungus
What are the 3 different types of mycosis infections?
Systemic
Dermatophytic
Candida albicans
What types of fungus cause systemic infection(5)?
Candida Aspergillis Coccidiomycosis Histoplasmosis Blastomyces
What fungus causes a dermatophytic infection?
Tinea
What parts of the body does systemic fungal infections effect? Where are they commonly found?
Blood
Bones
Lungs
Hospitals
What type of pts are susceptible to systemic fungal infection?
Neutropenia pts
AIDS pts
Pts in ICU
Why are neutropenia pts at risk of fungal infections?
You need neutrophils to fight off fungus
What parts of the body do dermatophytic infections effect? What system?
Hair
Nails
Skin
Integumentary system
What is the most common type of fungal infection? Most annoying?
Dermatophytic
Dermatophytic
What are the Sx of a dermatophytic infection(5)?
Itching Scaling Inflammation Blisters Broken skin
What species of fungus causes dermatophytic infections?
Tinea species
What does tinea capitis effect/cause?
Scalp
What does tinea pedis cause/effect?
Athletes foot
What does tinea cruris effect/cause?
Jock itch
What does tinea unguium cause/effect?
Toe nail fungus
What does tinea corporis causes/effect?
Ring worm
What is onychomycosis?
Nail fungus
What is the ADR of terbinafine(Lamisil)?
Increased ALT and AST
What type of infections can candida albicans infection cause?
Yeast infection
Thrush
What is thrush?
Candida infection of mouth or pharynx
What locations can Candida albicans cause an infection(3)?
Mouth
GI
Urinary tract
What are the major classes of antifungal drugs?
Apples Echinocandins Griseofulvin Polyenes Terbinafine
What are the 2 classes of Polyene drugs?
Amphotercin B
Nystatin
What type of drugs is the 1st line of therapy for systemic fungal infections? What is it used in combo w/
Polyene-amphotercin B
Used in combo w azole
What are the ADR of amphotercin B(3)? Route?
Infusion Rx
Nephrotoxic
Lose K+ and Mg+
IV
What are the Sx of infusion Rx to pushing amphotercin B too fast?
Fever
Chills
N/V
What is nystatin(mycostatin)? Route? Indication?
Polyenes
Topical
Intestinal candidiasis
Oropharyngeal thrush
Vaginal candidiasis
Intertriginous candidiasis
What is intertriginous candidiasis?
Fungus forming under fat
What is the MOA of polyenes? What part of fungus does it effect?
Double Carbon bond of drug orients itself in plasma membrane and forms a pore in fungal membrane…thus causing lysis
Cell membrane
What do echinocandins end in?
-fungin
What is anidulafungin(Eraxis)? Indications? Contraindication? Route?
Echinocandins
Candida
Aspergillis
Pregnant
IV
What is caspofungin(cancidas)? Indication? Contraindication? Route?
Echinocandins
Candida
Aspergillis
Pregnant
IV
What is micafungin(Mycamine)? Indication? Contraindication? Route?
Echinocandins
Candida
Aspergillis
Pregnant
IV
What is aspergillis mostly associated w/?
TB
COPD
What is the MOA of echinocandins?
Drugs inhibits beta 1,3 glucan synthase to prevent production of cell wall
What is griseofulvin(Gris-Peg) indicated for? MOA? Contraindication? What increases absorption?
Dermatophytic/tinea infections
Binds to keratin to prevent the cells from making tubulin which is needed for mitosis
Pregnant
Increase fat consumption
What do azole drugs end in?
-azole
What is the MOA of azoles? spectrum of activity for azoles? Indications?
Inhibits 14alpha-demethylase to prevent fungus from making ergosterol
Wide spectrum
Systemic infections
Candidiasis infections
What is clotrimazole(Gyne-Lotrimin,Mycelex)?
Azole
What is ketoconazole(Nizoral)?
Azole
What is fluconazole(Diflucan)?
Azole
What is itraconazole(Sporanox)?
Azole
What is posaconazole(Noxafil)?
Azole
What is isavuconazole(Cresemba)?
Azole
What is needed to make a cell membrane?
Egosterol
What is the MOA of Terbinafine(Lamisil)?
Squalene epoxidase inhibitor
What is the DOC for onychomycoses? Route?
Terbinafine(Lamisil)
PO
What drugs effect ergosterol production and cell membrane? Cell wall? Keratin?
Polyenes
Terbinafine
Azoles
Echinocandins
Griseofulvin
